Head And Spinal Injury

Question 1

The nervous system

Answer 1

Brain & spinal cord
Nerves that enter and exit to various parts of body
Overall control of thoughts
Sensations
Motor functions

Question 2

What is the skull made up of?

Answer 2

Cranium and facial bones

Question 3

Spinal column

Answer 3

33 vertebra
23inch long
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 saccral
4 coccygeal

Question 4

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 4

Nerves
Network of motor and sensory nerves connecting cns to rest if body

Question 5

Central nervous system

Answer 5

Brain & spinal cord
Controls all basic body functions and responds to external changes

Question 6

It’s layer of spinal cord is called?

Answer 6

Meninges
Tough fibrous membranes

Question 7

Mandible

Answer 7

Lower jaw

Question 8

Maxillae

Answer 8

Upper jaw

Question 9

Cranium

Answer 9

Forehead
Top back upper and sides of skull

Question 10

If bones of cranium are fractured is it open or closed?

Answer 10

Open

Question 11

If scalp is lacerated but cranium is intact is it open or closed?

Answer 11

Closed

Question 12

What is a direct brain injury?

Answer 12

Open head injury
Brain being lacerated punctured or bruised

Question 13

What is an indirect brain injury?

Answer 13

Either open or closed
The shock of impact o. The skull is transferred to the brain
(Concussion & contusions)

Question 14

What is a concussion?

Answer 14

Mild closed head injury with detectable damage to the brain

Question 15

What is a brain contusion?

Answer 15

Bruised brain
Force of a blow great enoug ha ti rupture blood vessels

Question 16

What is a brain hematoma?

Answer 16

Collection of blood in brain

Question 17

Subdural

Answer 17

Below the dura

Question 18

Epidural

Answer 18

Above the dura

Question 19

Intracerebral

Answer 19

In brain

Question 20

Signs and symptoms of head injury

Answer 20

Confusion
Personality changes (anger)
Amnesia
Unequal pupils
Projectile vomiting
Unconscious
Ear bleed
Deformity of skull
Clear fluid from ear/nose
High BP
Low HR
Irregular breathing

Question 21

Signs of basal skull fracture?

Answer 21

Bruising behind ears
Raccoon eyes

Question 22

What are Cheyne stokes?

Answer 22

Really fast deep breathing gets shallowe until no breathing then cycle starts over again

Question 23

What is decebrate posturing?

Answer 23

Extension

Question 24

What is decorticate posturing

Answer 24

Flexion

Question 25

What is ataxic resp?

Answer 25

Irregular unpredictable breathing

Question 26

Types of spinal injuries

Answer 26

Hyperextension Hyper Flexion Compression Rotation Lateral stress Distraction

Question 27

Thrown in to windshield Fall to floor Thrown off horse Dive in shallow water What types of spinal injury?

Answer 27

Hyper Flexion and extension or compression

Question 28

Rollover motorcycle motor vehicle What kind of spinal injury?

Answer 28

Rotation

Question 29

Being t boned A fall MVC What kind of spinal injury?

Answer 29

Lateral stress

Question 30

Hanging Snowmobile under fence wire What kind of spinal injury?

Answer 30

Distraction

Question 31

High risk MOI for spinal injury

Answer 31

Falls 3ft or higher Fall down 5 stairs or more Diving accident MVC ATV accident

Question 32

What is priapism?

Answer 32

An erection from spinal injury

Question 33

S&S of spinal injury

Answer 33

Paralysis of extremities Changes in neurological functions Pain with movement Tenderness along midline spine Impaired breathing Priapism Incontinence Shock Slow pulse Irregular resp Low BP

Question 34

Injury to C4 and above what’s happening?

Answer 34

Trouble breathing Brain is affected

Question 35

Frontal lobe controls

Answer 35

Behaviour Movement Speech

Question 36

What is Cushing’s reflex?

Answer 36

High BP Low HR Cheyne stoke resp This means ICP

Question 37

What kind of shock with spinal and brain injuries?

Answer 37

Neurogenic shock Distributive shock