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Section 3 > Head And Spinal Injury > Flashcards

Head And Spinal Injury Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system

A

Brain & spinal cord
Nerves that enter and exit to various parts of body
Overall control of thoughts
Sensations
Motor functions

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2
Q

What is the skull made up of?

A

Cranium and facial bones

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3
Q

Spinal column

A

33 vertebra
23inch long
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 saccral
4 coccygeal

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4
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves
Network of motor and sensory nerves connecting cns to rest if body

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5
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain & spinal cord
Controls all basic body functions and responds to external changes

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6
Q

It’s layer of spinal cord is called?

A

Meninges
Tough fibrous membranes

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7
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

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8
Q

Maxillae

A

Upper jaw

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9
Q

Cranium

A

Forehead
Top back upper and sides of skull

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10
Q

If bones of cranium are fractured is it open or closed?

A

Open

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11
Q

If scalp is lacerated but cranium is intact is it open or closed?

A

Closed

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12
Q

What is a direct brain injury?

A

Open head injury
Brain being lacerated punctured or bruised

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13
Q

What is an indirect brain injury?

A

Either open or closed
The shock of impact o. The skull is transferred to the brain
(Concussion & contusions)

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14
Q

What is a concussion?

A

Mild closed head injury with detectable damage to the brain

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15
Q

What is a brain contusion?

A

Bruised brain
Force of a blow great enoug ha ti rupture blood vessels

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16
Q

What is a brain hematoma?

A

Collection of blood in brain

17
Q

Subdural

A

Below the dura

18
Q

Epidural

A

Above the dura

19
Q

Intracerebral

A

In brain

20
Q

Signs and symptoms of head injury

A

Confusion
Personality changes (anger)
Amnesia
Unequal pupils
Projectile vomiting
Unconscious
Ear bleed
Deformity of skull
Clear fluid from ear/nose
High BP
Low HR
Irregular breathing

21
Q

Signs of basal skull fracture?

A

Bruising behind ears
Raccoon eyes

22
Q

What are Cheyne stokes?

A

Really fast deep breathing gets shallowe until no breathing then cycle starts over again

23
Q

What is decebrate posturing?

A

Extension

24
Q

What is decorticate posturing

A

Flexion

25
Q

What is ataxic resp?

A

Irregular unpredictable breathing

26
Q

Types of spinal injuries

A

Hyperextension
Hyper Flexion
Compression
Rotation
Lateral stress
Distraction

27
Q

Thrown in to windshield
Fall to floor
Thrown off horse
Dive in shallow water

What types of spinal injury?

A

Hyper Flexion and extension or compression

28
Q

Rollover motorcycle motor vehicle

What kind of spinal injury?

A

Rotation

29
Q

Being t boned
A fall
MVC
What kind of spinal injury?

A

Lateral stress

30
Q

Hanging
Snowmobile under fence wire
What kind of spinal injury?

A

Distraction

31
Q

High risk MOI for spinal injury

A

Falls 3ft or higher
Fall down 5 stairs or more
Diving accident
MVC
ATV accident

32
Q

What is priapism?

A

An erection from spinal injury

33
Q

S&S of spinal injury

A

Paralysis of extremities
Changes in neurological functions
Pain with movement
Tenderness along midline spine
Impaired breathing
Priapism
Incontinence
Shock
Slow pulse
Irregular resp
Low BP

34
Q

Injury to C4 and above what’s happening?

A

Trouble breathing
Brain is affected

35
Q

Frontal lobe controls

A

Behaviour
Movement
Speech

36
Q

What is Cushing’s reflex?

A

High BP
Low HR
Cheyne stoke resp

This means ICP

37
Q

What kind of shock with spinal and brain injuries?

A

Neurogenic shock

Distributive shock

Section 3 (14 decks)

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