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Section 3 > Altered Mental Staus > Flashcards

Altered Mental Staus Flashcards

1
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A

Eye
spontaneous 4
To voice 3
To pain 2
None 1

Verbal
Oriented 5
Confused 4
Inappropriate words 3
Incomprehensible sounds 2
None 1

Motor
Obeys 6
Localizes 5
Withdrawals 4
Flexion 3
Extension 2
None 1

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2
Q

What happens to the brain as we age?

A

Cognitive function declines
Brains size decreases

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3
Q

A blockage is thrombolotic or hemmoratic?

A

Thrombolotic

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4
Q

An aneurism is hemmoratic or thrombolotic?

A

Hemmoratic

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5
Q

Lam system
4 or higher is a stroke

A

Face
0 both sides move normally
1 one side is weak or flaccid

Arm
0 both sides move normally
1 one side is weak
2 one side doesn’t move

Grip
0 both sides move normally
1 one side is weak
2 one side doesn’t move

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6
Q

Cincinnati scale

A

Face
Both sides move normally
One side is weak

Arm
Both arms equal strength
One arm weak doesn’t move

Speech
Normal and appropriate
Slurred inappropriate words or mute

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7
Q

How do you assess a stroke?

A

Check blood glucose
Score using lams
History- tine of onset of symptoms
Sample
Contact stroke neurologist to determine bypass direction

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8
Q

What is a seizure in children called?

A

Febrile seizure
Caused by fever

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9
Q

Assessment and treatment of a seizure

A

Protect them during
vital signs
SPO2
blood sugar
temperature
ensure airway
oxygen
ventilate if necessary
position of comfort
treat underlying cause if possible
consider ALS

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10
Q

The three p’s of hyperglycaemia

A

Polydipsia (thirsty)
Polyphagia (hungry)
Polyuria (frequent urination)

Key tones on the breath

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11
Q

What is Kussmaul breathing? 

A

Deep rapid sighing respirations

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12
Q

Signs of hypoglycaemia

A

Headache hungry sweaty shaky confused dizzy grumpy

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13
Q

Signs of hyperglycaemia

A

Thirsty want to throw up blurry eyesight dizzy tired week cramps

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14
Q

Dosage and administration of glucagon

A

Intranasal 1 mg every 10 to 15 minutes if they’re over 20 kg if they’re under 20 kg .5 mg

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15
Q

Glucose tube dosage

A

12.5 g
12.5 to 25 g
25 to 50 g

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16
Q

Causes of altered mental status
Aeiou tips

A

A. Alcohol and drug abuse
E. Endocrine epilepsy electrolyte
I. Infection
O. Overdose /oxygen
U. Uremia

T. Trauma tumor temp
I. Insulin
P. psychiatric poisons
S. Stroke shock

17
Q

What are seizures caused by

A

Injury, infection, disease, the brains electrical activity can be abnormal

18
Q

What are the two types of seizures

A

A partial seizure and a generalized seizure

19
Q

What is a partial seizure

A

Affects only one side of the brain usually only affecting one side of the body usually don’t lose consciousness

20
Q

What is a generalized seizure

A

It affects the entire brain affects a consciousness
Unconscious and major motor activity called tonic clonic seizure
Comes without warning lasts a few minutes has three stages

21
Q

What are the three stages of a generalized seizure

A

Tonic phase
Clonic phase
Postical phase

22
Q

Explain what happens during the tonic phase of a seizure

A

Rigid stiffning last about 30 seconds breathing may stop could lose their bowels and bladder

23
Q

Explain what happens during the clonic phase Of a seizure

A

The body jerks violently for 1 to 2 minutes they usually foam at the mouth and drool cyanotic face and lips

24
Q

Explain the postical phase of a seizure

A

The convulsion stop in Regan consciousness drowsy and dizzy and confusion headache temporary strokelike unilateral weaknes
The length of the phase varies from patient they may become combative

25
Q

What is status epilepticus

A

Two or more seizures in a row
Seizure lasting more than 10 minutes
This is a high priority maintain their airway ONroute oxygen and breathing support get ALS ready I will need IV meds

26
Q

What is a stroke

A

Death or injury to the brain tissue when is deprived of oxygen , caused by a blockage of an artery or ruptured blood vessel in the brain

27
Q

What is a TIA

A

Transient ischaemic stroke

A mini stroke
Small clot may be temporarily blocking circulation to the brain
Usually back to normal than 24 hours
Treated as a stroke they must seek help to be evaluated

Section 3 (14 decks)

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