Cardiac Emergencies

Question 1

The heart receives its supply of oxygenated blood via

Answer 1

The coronary artery

Question 2

What does OPQRST
And SAMPLE stand for ?

Answer 2

Onset
Provokes
Quality
Radiates
Severity
Timing

Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past med history
Last oral intake
Events leading up

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of Acute coronary syndrome?

Answer 3

Pain pressure discomfort in chest neck jaw arms upper abdomen
Difficulty breathing
Palpitations
Sudden onset of sweating nausea vomiting
Syncope
Anxiety feeling of doom
Abnormal pulse and BP
Grabbing at chest
Pale grey skin

Question 4

What is coronary artery disease?

Answer 4

Coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked reducing Amount of oxygen being delivered to the heart

Question 5

causes of coronary artery disease

Answer 5

Hereditary
Age
Lack of exercise
High cholesterol
Smoker
High BP

Question 6

What is angina? Signs and symptoms

Answer 6

Pain in chest
Increased with stress or exertion
Usually doesn’t last more than 5 min after rest
Substetnal
May radiate
Tachycardia
Diaphoresis

Nitro!
Assume it’s heart attack and treat as such

Question 7

Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Answer 7

Blocking of coronary artery by formation of thrombus (clot)or or blockage (embolism)

Initiate transport!!

Question 8

What is CHF?

Answer 8

Tired worn out heart
Not pumping effectively
Blood going wrong direction results in pulmonary oedema
S&s
Jvd- difficulty breathing crackle sounds in lungs pink frothy sputum
Pedal edema
Go to bed and wake up and you can’t breathe
Restlessness confusion tachycardia fatigue fast breathing

Question 9

Is Angina a partial or complete blockage?

Answer 9

Partial

Question 10

Is a heart attack a partial or complete blockage?

Answer 10

Complete

Question 11

What are the effects of aging on the heart?

Answer 11

Reduction in cardiac muscle
Decreased heart rate
Vessels harden

Question 12

What are the controllable risk factors of heart disease

Answer 12

Cigarette smoking high blood pressure diabetes II high cholesterol physical inactivity obesity

Question 13

What are the uncontrollable factors of heart disease

Answer 13

Family history age gender and race

Question 14

What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 14

Chest pain often described as the worst pain ever experienced sudden or gradual onset substernal
radiates
present all the time
shortness of breath

Question 15

Who cannot have nitro? 

Answer 15

Anyone who has taken Cialis cavitra or Viagra

Question 16

Your systolic blood pressure must be above what to give nitro

Answer 16

90

Question 17

What is right sided failure?
What are signs and symptoms

Answer 17

Blood backing up from the right side of the heart into the body signs and symptoms are fatigue venous pressure bloated stomach enlarged liver and spleen complaints of G.I. distress waking Adema of the feet and hands distended jugular veins

Question 18

How do you treat right sided failure

Answer 18

Oxygen ALS set them up right ventilate with a bag valve mask transport

Question 19

3 parts of the heart

Answer 19

Endocardium (inner)

Myocardium (muscle)

Pericardium (sac around the heart)