Section 3: Imperialism challenged 1914 - 47 - Impact of WW1 Flashcards

1
Q

How did WW1 weaken Empire economically?

A

War cost = £35,000million and £4bn had to be borrowed from USA
The strain on the economy - arms manufacturing and industry which had to support campaigns in Turkey and Egypt and Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How did WW1 contract Empire?

A

The growth of nationalism - the promises of independence had not been granted e.g GB had promised Arabs in the middle east but not fulfilled such promises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which country became independent from Empire in 1922?

A

Egypt - but remained client state till 1954

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nationalist took place in 1916?

A

The Easter Rising in Ireland - 450 killed and 2,000 injured - Irish rebels who wanted a free state became martyrs for Irish independence, IRA established ]weakening Empire - guerilla warfare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What social issues did WW1 reveal

A

Racism - e.g fears about white nurses tending to Indian and Black soldiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How did WW1 strengthen Empire through expansion?

A

New territories - League of Nations mandates (from Ottoman Empire) included:

  1. Palestine
  2. Iraq or Mesopotamia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why was the Palestine mandate important for Empire?

A

For economic and strategic reasons - the main overland route to India and proximity to Suez

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Palestine - key declaration in 1917?

A

Balfour declaration - the GB foreign secretary sent letter to Walter Rothschild (a prominent Jewish banking family) expressing sympathy with Jewish zionists (wanted a separate Jewish homeland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the Balfour declarations motive?

A

Made it clear that a separate Jewish state would not be granted and Palestinians would not be undermined - wanted to win support of anti-imperialist Americans for GB influence in Palestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why was Palestine unstable (socially and politically)

A

Zionism growth - Commission in 1918 for Jewish rights - Muslims and Arabas responded with own orgs. = violent clashes between Arabs and Jews. Jewish immigration to Palestine grew to 6.8% by 1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How did Dominion involvement in WW1 strengthen Empire?

A

Australia, New Zealand, and Canada contributed troops to war effort - solidified and unified relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When did New Zealand and Canada introduce conscription?

A

New Zealand 1916

Canada 1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did India contribute to WW1?

A

Economically: 917 - gave $100 million to war effort
Militarily: 1/3 of all troops in British army in France were from Indian army

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How did Africa contribute to WW1

A

Egypt (protectorate since 1914)

  • defended Egypt and Middle East
  • sent 100,000 troops to Europe

Black Africans (southern Africa) - not recruited to fight but forced to work as labourers, porters e.g 1 million in Tanganyika against Germany

South Africa - 136,000 white troops in Middle East and France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly