Scramble for Africa Flashcards
What conference happened in 1876
The Brussels Conference
Who hosted the Brussels Conference
King Leopold of Belgium
What were the suspicions placed on Leopold
That he wanted to have a Congo Empire and the conference was to protect Belgian interests in Africa
What were the 3 main results of the conference
- Intervention in Africa was necessary as they were not capable of developing their own natural resources
- A need to build rail and roads
- Need for an International African Association to coordinate efforts
What were the effects of the Brussels conference
It heightened competition as countries started to stake their claims on African land
e.g 1879 France into West Sudan, 1884 Portugal into Congo River
What was the second main European conference
Berlin Conference 1884 - 85
How much of Africa was under local control at the time
80%
Who was involved in the Berlin Conference
14 states = UK, France, Germany, Portugal
Did Africa have any representation
No
What were the 4 main results of the conference
- The congo and niger rivers were to remain neutral and have free trade
- The General Act stated a promise to help indigenous people - prevent the slave trade
- protect missionary interests
- Effective Occupation
What was effective occupation
If a country wanted to assert their claim over a territory they had to notify the other countries - to avoid conflict
By 1900, how much of Africa was in European hands
90%
Name 1 success of the Berlin Conference
Promoted European cooperation
