Relations with Indigenous people - Southern Africa 1857 - 90

Question 1

What territory did GB have in Southern Africa before 1857

Answer 1

Cape Colony 1806

Natal 1845

Question 2

Were relations with the Boers initially peaceful (1850s)

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What happened in 1867

Answer 3

Diamonds are discovered at Kimberley in West Griqualand (home to the Griqua people)

Question 4

How did the discovery of diamonds heighten tensions with the Boers

Answer 4

Kimberley is on the border next to the Orange Free state which was a Boer republic

Question 5

What did the diamond discovery trigger

Answer 5

A diamond rush which attracted Bantu and white settlers - increased tensions between ethnic and racial groups

Question 6

Key event: 1868

Answer 6

GB annex Basutoland - borders the Orange free State. Home to the Khoi Khoi tribe and Sotho people - GB claimed they had asked the British for protection against the Boers

Question 7

Key event: 1871

Answer 7

West Griqualand annexed - 2,000 Griqua trek east to found East Griqualand 2 years later in 1873

Question 8

1874

Answer 8

West Griqualand annexed by GB - borders Basutoland, Natal and Cape Colony which were all GB controlled

Question 9

What did Britain propose in 1875 to unite Boers and British

Answer 9

A federation of GB and Boer land - boers rejected this and Southern Africa became unstable mid 1870s.

Question 10

1877 - 78

Answer 10

Anglo Xhosa war - GB won and Xhosa land was annexed into Cape Colony

Question 11

1877 - Boers

Answer 11

GB annex Transvaal - GB claimed that the Boers and all white settlers were under threat from the Pedi and Zulu people.
The Boers accepted annexation reluctantly

Question 12

1879 - Zulus

Answer 12

Anglo Zulu War - Zululand is invaded and defeated at Ulundi - Zululand is annexed into Natal. The Zulus were the most powerful tribe, signifying the destruction of GB influence on indigenous land

Question 13

What happened in 1880 that switched Anglo Boer relations

Answer 13

1st Boer War - Boers declared independence from Britain in the Transvaal (British annexed)

Question 14

How did the 1st Boer war end

Answer 14

The British were defeated in 1881 at Majuba Hill where 150 Brits were killed
Convention of Pretoria - Transvaal was given back as a Boer republic HOWEVER GB still had control over its external affairs (foreign policy)

Question 15

An example of international pressure in 1884

Answer 15

Germany in West Africa and Britain feared they would form an alliance with the Boers in the Transvaal

Question 16

Which territory was annexed by the British in 1885 as a reaction to German West Africa

Answer 16

Bechuanaland - became GB protectorate - borders German West Africa

Question 17

When was gold discovered in Southern Africa

Answer 17

1886

Question 18

Where was gold discovered

Answer 18

Witwatersrand, Transvaal - Boer control

Question 19

Who came to the Transvaal during the gold rush

Answer 19

Uitlanders - white settlers from Europe

Cecil Rhodes - British South Africa Co. charter 1889