Relations with Indigenous people - Southern Africa 1857 - 90 Flashcards
What territory did GB have in Southern Africa before 1857
Cape Colony 1806
Natal 1845
Were relations with the Boers initially peaceful (1850s)
Yes
What happened in 1867
Diamonds are discovered at Kimberley in West Griqualand (home to the Griqua people)
How did the discovery of diamonds heighten tensions with the Boers
Kimberley is on the border next to the Orange Free state which was a Boer republic
What did the diamond discovery trigger
A diamond rush which attracted Bantu and white settlers - increased tensions between ethnic and racial groups
Key event: 1868
GB annex Basutoland - borders the Orange free State. Home to the Khoi Khoi tribe and Sotho people - GB claimed they had asked the British for protection against the Boers
Key event: 1871
West Griqualand annexed - 2,000 Griqua trek east to found East Griqualand 2 years later in 1873
1874
West Griqualand annexed by GB - borders Basutoland, Natal and Cape Colony which were all GB controlled
What did Britain propose in 1875 to unite Boers and British
A federation of GB and Boer land - boers rejected this and Southern Africa became unstable mid 1870s.
1877 - 78
Anglo Xhosa war - GB won and Xhosa land was annexed into Cape Colony
1877 - Boers
GB annex Transvaal - GB claimed that the Boers and all white settlers were under threat from the Pedi and Zulu people.
The Boers accepted annexation reluctantly
1879 - Zulus
Anglo Zulu War - Zululand is invaded and defeated at Ulundi - Zululand is annexed into Natal. The Zulus were the most powerful tribe, signifying the destruction of GB influence on indigenous land
What happened in 1880 that switched Anglo Boer relations
1st Boer War - Boers declared independence from Britain in the Transvaal (British annexed)
How did the 1st Boer war end
The British were defeated in 1881 at Majuba Hill where 150 Brits were killed
Convention of Pretoria - Transvaal was given back as a Boer republic HOWEVER GB still had control over its external affairs (foreign policy)
An example of international pressure in 1884
Germany in West Africa and Britain feared they would form an alliance with the Boers in the Transvaal
Which territory was annexed by the British in 1885 as a reaction to German West Africa
Bechuanaland - became GB protectorate - borders German West Africa
When was gold discovered in Southern Africa
1886
Where was gold discovered
Witwatersrand, Transvaal - Boer control
Who came to the Transvaal during the gold rush
Uitlanders - white settlers from Europe
Cecil Rhodes - British South Africa Co. charter 1889
