Section 2 (theory/harm) - Clefs, meter, scales, intervals, scale degrees, modes, triads, circle of fifths, inversions, figured bass, tempos, seventh chords, triad classification. Flashcards
Clefs, meter, scales, intervals, scale degrees, modes, triads, circle of fifths, inversions, figured bass, tempos, seventh chords, triad classification.
Natural half steps occur between?
E and F
B and C
Middle C is?
C4
G clef is?
Treble clef
F clef is?
Bass clef
Where is C4 in alto clef?
Third line
Where is the C4 in tenor clef?
The 4th line
Piano uses what staff?
Grand staff
The X chromatic sign is?
Double sharp
Mezzo means?
Half
Forte means?
Strong
Piano means?
Soft
What does a tie do?
Combines the rhythm of two notes with the same pitch
What is a dotted note?
Increases note value by half its original value
What is a compound meter?
Division of the beat is 3 instead of 2
Complex or composite meter?
Uneven groupings of beats that create a unique metric stress.
5/4 example from book?
Take five
7/4 example from book?
Pink floyds money
What composition notes are written on the outside of the staff?
Tempo and dynamics
Grave?
Extremely slow 40 or lower
Largo
Very slow 40-60
Adagio
Slow 60-80
Adante
Moderately walking 80-100
Moderato
Moderately 100-120
Allegro
Fast lively cheerful 120-160
Presto
Very fast 160-200
How long are rits or accels?
As long as the accompanying dotted line
A tempo?
Original tempo
What is syncopation?
Displacement of the regular metrical stress caused by stressing the weak beat
What is the syncopation example in the book?
Beethovens piano sonata opus 2 No.3
1st scale degree
Tonic
Second scale degree
Supertonic
Third scale degree
Mediant
Fourth scale degree
Subdominant
Fifth scale degree
Dominant
Sixth scale degree
Sudmediant
Seventh scale degree
Flat subtonic
Natural leading tone
Major scale interval pattern
W W H W W W H
Natural minor interval scheme
W H W W H W W
What is the Jazz minor scale?
Ascending melodic minor
Whole tone scale
6 scale degrees
All wholes
Fully diminished scale?
8 notes WHWHWHWH
Starts with whole step
Used in diminished harmony
Only 3 scales.
Dominant diminished scale?
8 notes HWHWHWHW
Starts with half step
Used in dominant harmony
Only 3 scales.
What is an octatonic scale?
8 notes
Diminished scales
what is Major pentatonic
1 2 3 5 6
what is Minor pentatonic
1 b3 4 5 b7
What do key signatures do?
Creates an understanding of what notes are altered thoughout a composition
how long do chromatic signs last?
They remain in play until changed by another sign
Circle of fifths nmonic device?
Fat Cats Get Down At Every Ball
Order of Sharps
FCGDAEB
Order of flats
BEADGCF
what is relative minor?
Same key signature different tonic
what is parallel minor
Same tonic different key signature
what is an Interval?
Difference between two pitches
What quality can 2 3 6 and 7 invervals be?
Major min Dim or Aug
What quality can 4th or 5th invervals be?
Perfect Aug or Dim
How many half steps from the root is an octave
12
what are the enharmonic intervals?
Maj 3 and dim 4
Aug 4 and dim 5
Aug 5 and min 6
what are Compound intervals?
Two pitches greater than an octave apart
What is the formula for inverting an interval?
They add up to 9
Inverted maj 7?
Min 2
Inverted Aug 5th
Dim 4
What is a cononant interval?
Complete and stable
What is a dissonant interval?
Unstable and requiring resolution
What are the consonant intervals?
Maj min 3
Maj min 6
P 5
P unison and octave
what are the dissonant intervals?
Maj min 2nd
P 4
Maj min 7th
Aug 5
What are modes?
scales based off relative major identified by Greek name and referred to as a church modes
Mode order?
I d p ly m a lo
Dorian alterations?
b3 b7
Minor sounding modes?
Phyrigian, aeolian, and Dorian.
Major tonality modes?
Ionian, lydian, mixolydian
Phyrigian mode?
b2 b3 b6 b7
Lydian mode?
4
Mixolydian mode?
b7
Aeolian mode?
b3 b6 b7
What mode sounds neither major or minor?
Locrian
Locrian mode?
b2 b3 b5 b6 b7
Triad 7th 9th 11th and 13 chords for ionian
Maj maj7 maj9 maj11 maj13
Triad 7th 9th 11th and 13 chords for Dorian
Min min7 min9 min11 min13
Triad 7th 9th 11th and 13 chords for phrygian
Min min7 min7(b9) min11(b9) min11(b9 b13)
Triad 7th 9th 11th and 13 chords for lydian
Maj maj7 maj9 maj7(#11) maj13(#11)
Triad 7th 9th 11th and 13 chords for mixolydian
Maj 7 9 11 13
Triad 7th 9th 11th and 13 chords for aeolian
Min min7 min9 min11 min11(b13)
Triad 7th 9th 11th and 13 chords for locrian
Dim min7(b5) min7(b5b9) min11(b5b9) min11(b5b9b13)
Chords build on 3rds?
Tertian
Major triad is built off of?
1 3 5
Maj 3 min 3
Minor triad is built off of?
1 b3 5
Min 3 Maj 3
Diminished triad is built off of?
1 b3 b5
Min 3 Min 3
Augmented triad is built off of?
1 3 #5
Maj3 Maj3
What does the little circle sign after a chord mean?
Diminished
What does the little circle sign with a slash after a chord mean?
Half diminished
What indicates and augmented triad
A plus sign
Major7th chord is built off of?
1 3 5 7
Maj3 min3 maj3
Maj7 chord symbols?
Triangle 7
Capital M
Maj
Major
Dominant 7th chord is built off of?
1 3 5 b7
Maj3 min3 min3
Minor 7th chord is built off of?
1 b3 5 b7
Min3 maj3 min3
Min7 symbols?
Min7
Lowercase m
-7
Maj(min)7th chord is built off of?
1 b3 5 7
Min3 maj3 maj3
Half dim7th chord is built off of?
1 b3 b5 b7
Min3 min3 maj3
Diminished 7th chord is built off of?
1 b3 b5 bb7
Min3 min3 min3
Augmented 7th chord is built off of?
1 3 #5 b7
Maj3 maj3 dim3
6th chord is built off of?
1 3 5 6 1 b3 5 6
Maj6 min6
What do inversions do?
They allow any chord tone to become the bass note
Specified bass notes?
Expressed under chord symbols
Can be from chord scale or parallel mode
Triad full figure bass?
5 6 6
3 3 4
Triad essential figured bass?
None 6 6
4
Seventh chord full figured bass?
7 6 6 6
5 5 4 4
3 3 3 2
Seventh chord essential figured bass?
7 6 4 4
5 3 2
Triad in a major key
1 maj 2 min 3 min 4 Maj 5 Maj 6 min 7 dim
Natural minor triads
1 min 2 dim 3 maj 4 min 5 min 6 Maj 7 maj
Harmonic minor changes what triads
3 Aug
5 maj
7 dim
Melodoc minor triads changed?
2 min 3 Aug 4 maj 5 maj 6 dim 7 dim
Major diatonic 7th chords
1 maj7 2min7 3min7 4maj7 57 6min7 7halfdim7
Minor diatonic 7th chords
1min7 2halfdim7 3maj7 4min7 5min7 6maj7 77
Diatonic harmonic minor 7th chords
1minmaj7 2halfdim7 3augmaj7 4min7 57 6maj7 7halfdim7
Diatonic melodic minor 7ths
1minmaj7 2min7 3augmaj7 47 57 6halfdim7 7halfdim7
Primary triads
Tonic
Subdominant
Dominant
Tonic function?
Beginning or end
Sense of resolution
Subdominant chord
Good transitional
Precedes tonic
Dominant triad?
Strongest sense of resolution due to tendency tones
