Section 2 Quizzes

Question 1

Which of these is a not a role of the large intestine?
A. Site of microbial fermentation
B. Transportation of waste
C. Absorption of AA
D. Absorption of water and VFA

Answer 1

C. Absorption of AA

Question 2

Which of these is an incorrect pairing of accessory organ and role in nutrition?
A. Pancreas: endocrine secretions digest nutrients
B. Liver: produces bile
C. Brain: Signals hunger or fullness
D. Gall bladder: Stores bile (but not in all species)

Answer 2

A. Pancreas: endocrine secretions digest nutrients

Question 3

How are ruminants different from monogastrics?

Answer 3

Their foregut fermentation means that microbes can use nutrients before the animal

Question 4

Which of the following is not true about ruminant stomach complex anatomy?
A. The omasum has many folds of tissue
B. The esophageal opening leading into the rumen and omasal orifice leading out of the rumen are quite far apart anatomically
C. The reticulum and rumen are a generally continuous space
D. Papillae are used to increase surface area for absorption in the rumen

Answer 4

B. The esophageal opening leading into the rumen and omasal orifice leading out of the rumen are quite far apart anatomically

Question 5

(T/F) It is unusual for a ruminant to have a gas cap in the rumen.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the rumen environment?
A. Has plenty of feed substrates and microbial co-products
B. All of these
C. Is anaerobic
D. Has a pH that changes based on fermentation substrates
E. Warm and wet

Answer 6

B. All of these

Question 7

Which of these is not used by ruminal microbes to generate ATP for themselves?
A. long-chained fatty acids
B. glycerol
C. glucose
D. C-skeletons

Answer 7

A. long-chained fatty acids

Question 8

What are volatile fatty acids?
A. All of these
B. Produced by ruminal microbes as a co-product of fermentation
C. Acetate, Propionate, and Butyrate
D. Short-chained fatty acids

Answer 8

A. All of these

Question 9

How do starch and fiber fermentation by ruminal microbes differ?
A. Ruminal pH resulting from the fermentation
B. Microbes species involved
C. Rate of VFA production (VFA/time)
D. Rate of degradation of polysaccharide breakdown, resulting ultimately in the rate of fermentation
E. All of these

Answer 9

E. All of these

Question 10

Why is production of CO2 and CH4 in the rumen bad for the ruminant? Select the most complete answer.
A. The carbon in these could have been used for VFA production
B. Gasses must be eructated (belched), resulting in waste of carbon from feed
C. CH4 is a greenhouse gas
D. Gasses can lead to bloat

Answer 10

B. Gasses must be eructated (belched), resulting in waste of carbon from feed

Question 11

Which of the following is not true about ruminal microbe use of nutrients?
A. Some microbes can synthesize their own AA from NH3 and C-skeletons
B. Microbes use AA and FA to grow and reproduce
C. Microbes use CHO, fatty acids, and C-sketletons from AA for energy
D. Microbes need to degrade feed particles to monomers before they can ferment or use monomers

Answer 11

C. Microbes use CHO, fatty acids, and C-sketletons from AA for energy

Question 12

How are fatty acids changed by rumen microbes?
A. Essential FA often are altered to become non-essential FA
B. Their C=C location is altered
C. Fatty acids become more saturated
D. H are added to the C tail
E. All of these

Answer 12

E. All of these

Question 13

How do rumen microbes use amino acids?
A. All of these
B. Deaminate, resulting in NH3 and C-skeleton
C. Synthesize AA from NH3 and C-skeleton
D. To grow and reproduce

Answer 13

A. All of these

Question 14

Which of the following is not true regarding ruminant nutrition?
A. Rumen microbes alter the FA and AA profile of what reaches the small intestine so that it is different from the original feed
B. Rumen microbes get the first opportunity to metabolize and use nutrients from feed
C. Rumen microbes themselves are a good source of CHO and fat once they reach the small intestine
D. Rumen microbes alter the AA profile from the feed, which can improve the profile

Answer 14

C. Rumen microbes themselves are a good source of CHO and fat once they reach the small intestine

Question 15

Why are some nutrients in the rumen not degraded?
A. Microbes do not have the enzymes to degrade or ferment them
B. All of these
C. They pass ouf of the RRO before they can be degraded or fermented by microbes
D. They were altered in a way that prevented microbes from degrading or fermenting them

Answer 15

B. All of these

Question 16

(T/F) Ruminants and horses get the same benefits from all aspects of microbial fermentation and metabolism, regardless of their fermentation vat location.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

(T/F) The ruminal pH is more acidic when a high concentrate diet is fed.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Which of the following is not true about nutrient requirements?
A. They vary with production levels, even within species
B. They are set for individual animals, not averages of groups
C. They are minimum amounts, to prevent deficiency
D. They are set for a specific physiological state (e.g. lactation, growth)

Answer 18

B. They are set for individual animals, not averages of groups

Question 19

If you feed a pen of growing steers the same diet, why do they have different average daily gains?
A. Their diet was formulated based on their estimated average nutrient requirements
B. All of these
C. They have individual differences in how their bodies utilize nutrients, causing efficiency differences
D. Factors affecting their nutrient requirements such as previous nutrition, health status, and genetics

Answer 19

B. All of these

Question 20

Which of the following is not correct?
A. Deficiencies result from low nutrient intake, with negative effects on the animal
B. Deficiencies and toxicities don’t ever affect animal growth rate
C. Toxicities result from high nutrient intake with negative effects on an animal
D. Deficiencies can occur from most nutrients and energy

Answer 20

B. Deficiencies and toxicities don’t ever affect animal growth rate

Question 21

Which of the following does not describe how the law of diminishing returns can be used to illustrate nutrient requirements?
A. Deficiency is illustrated early in the curve, where the slope is steep, but doesn’t start at 0
B. Increasing nutrient intake by 1 unit does not yield a greater output when an animal in in excess
C. Toxicity results in a decrease in animal performance
D. At some point, increasing nutrient intake does not increase production output

Answer 21

A. Deficiency is illustrated early in the curve, where the slope is steep, but doesn’t start at 0

Question 22

Why might we feed an animal in excess of its requirements, especially considering the figure drawn showing the law of diminishing returns and what you know about nutrient requirements?
A. The animal has lower than average nutrient requirements, but is in a pen being fed to NRC requirements
B. An economical feedstuff or diet had excess nutrients
C. All of these
D. We wanted to ensure meeting requirements, and were ok with overfeeding

Answer 22

C. All of these

Question 23

(T/F) Deficiencies and toxicities can occur for all nutrients consumed by an animal.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Which of these is not true about energy use by an animal?
A. Energy is the ability to do work, including metabolic work
B. ATP is the energy currency of the cell
C. When we talk about consuming energy, we mean that an animal is consuming ATP
D. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can move around and change forms

Answer 24

C. When we talk about consuming energy, we mean that an animal is consuming ATP

Question 25

Which best describes how the conventional energy scheme is used in animal nutrition?

Answer 25

To partition energy needs of animals and concentration of potential energy in feeds

Question 26

Which of the following would have the greatest numerical value for a given feedstuff or diet?
A. heat increment of feeding
B. net energy for maintenance
C. net energy
D. fecal energy
E. gross energy

Answer 26

E. gross energy

Question 27

Which of the following does not accurately represent energy losses for certain species based on GI tract types?
A. Cats have minimal fecal energy losses when fed fiber
B. Ruminants have large gaseous energy and HIF losses due to ruminal fermentation
C. Horses have the lower fecal energy losses on forage than most monogastrics
D. There is a minimal variation in urinary energy losses among species

Answer 27

A. Cats have minimal fecal energy losses when fed fiber

Question 28

Which of the following is not true about carbohydrate structure?
A. Monosaccharides have 5 or 6 carbons
B. Carbohydrates can have any number of C, H, and 0 atoms
C. Disaccharides are often consumed by animals
D. Polysaccharides can have hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides

Answer 28

B. Carbohydrates can have any number of C, H, and 0 atoms

Question 29

Which of the following are polysaccharides?
A: amylopectin

B: starch

C: lactose

D: fiber

E: cellobiose

Answer 29

A, B, D

Question 30

Which is not a reason why plants are composed of much more carbohydrates than animals?
A. Animals cannot synthesis carbohydrates
B. Animals do not use carbohydrates for structure
C. Plants make carbohydrates through photosynthesis
D. Carbohydrates are important for plant structure, energy storage, and energy transfer

Answer 30

A. Animals cannot synthesis carbohydrates