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History > Section 2-Early Ireland- The Neolithic Period > Flashcards

Section 2-Early Ireland- The Neolithic Period Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the Neolithic people

A

They were farmers.since weapons and too,s were still made from stone we are in the Stone Age however archeologists call this the New Stone Age or the Neolithic period

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2
Q

Who were the first farmers

A

Farming begun in Mesopotamia around 8000 bc.the skill of farming spread very slowly across Europe.the first farmers that came to Ireland probably came from Britain

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3
Q

What tools and weapons did they use

A

As well as using Flint the Neolithic people used porcellanite. A heavier and tougher stone

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4
Q

Where can you find porcellanite

A

You can find it in Antrim and in rathlin island

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5
Q

How do we know that the Neolithic people travelled

A

We know because axe-heads and other porcellanite tools have been found all over Ireland and Britain.many of them from stone quarried in Antrim

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6
Q

How did the y make there homes

A

They used a method called wattle and daub.inside the house three was only one room.one the floor on the centre of the room was space for a big open fire.since there were no chimney or Windows they had to have a hole in the roof.the houses must be smokes and dark

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7
Q

What skills did they have

A

They could make pottery,clothes and they could farm

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8
Q

How did they make clothes

A

They discovered how to weave and spin cloth. Dyes were made from berries and plants

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9
Q

How do we know that the Neolithic people wear jewellery

A

We know this because of the necklaces made from stone and pendants made from stone were found at Lough gur

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10
Q

What skill did farmers learn

A

Farmers learnt how to make pottery from clay.they were the first ones to discover this skill

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11
Q

How did the farmers make the pottery

A

To make a bowl they took a lump of wet clay and moulders it into the shape of a pot with their fists.they left the pot to dry and baked them in the fire some pots were decorated using sticks or. Their fingernails

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12
Q

How do we know that the farmers build stone walls around their fields

A

We know this because archeologists found stone walls buried under a bog at the cèide fields,co. Mayo

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13
Q

What is a quern stone

A

A queen stone would have been used to grind flower into bread

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14
Q

When did Neolithic farming end

A

It ended at the the cèide fields around 3000bc.nobody knows why this happened

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15
Q

What was the average height for a man or a woman

A

The average hight for a man was 1.7 metres and the average hight for a woman was 1.6 metres

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16
Q

Where did most of our information come from

A

They came from the tombs they left behind

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17
Q

Were they well organised and skilful people,how do we know

A

Yes,we know because of the cèide fields that they were skilful and organised

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18
Q

Name two new skills that the Neolithic people brought the Ireland

A

They brought pottery and clothes

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19
Q

What changes did archeologists notice around 4000bc

A

They notice that there is more pollen in the grass than the trees

They found pollen from wheat and barley-stuff than needed to be planted from seed

They found goats sheep and cattle bones dating back to this time

This proves that they were starting to farm

20
Q

Did the Neolithic farmers believe in after life,how do we know

A

Yes,we know because they went to great trouble to build very sophisticated tombs for there dead

21
Q

What do we call the tombs

A

Archeologists call them megalithic toms because they are made from large stones or megaliths

22
Q

What can the tombs tell us

A

They tell us a lot about the Neolithic people and there beliefs

23
Q

Name three types of tombs

A

They’re court cairns,dolmens and passage tombs

24
Q

What other name do court cairns have and where can they be found

A

The are also caller court tombs and they can be found in the northern half of the country

25
Q

Name the earliest type of megalithic tomb

A

The earliest type of megalithic tomb is the court cairns/tomb

26
Q

Where do the court cairns/tomb get there name

A

They get their name from an open area-a court- at the entrance of the tomb

27
Q

What would they have been used for

A

They could have been used for religious ceremonies before a burial took place

28
Q

What is tomb made up of

A

The tomb is made up of upright stones covered up in earth and Earth

29
Q

Define cairn

A

The word cairn means a mound of stones

30
Q

What does the inside of a cairn tomb look like

A

Inside of a cairn there is a passage way that leads to the chamber in the centre

31
Q

Define dolmen

A

A tomb made up of upright stones

32
Q

Define capstone

A

It is a large flat stone that lays on top of the dolmen

33
Q

What other names do dolmens have

A

Portal tombs

34
Q

What do dolmens look like

A

Dolmens look like huge stone tables

35
Q

How do you make a dolmen

A

To make a dolmen two or three large stones are put upright and a very large stone is out on top called a capstone

36
Q

How much do capstones way

A

They way over 100 tonnes

37
Q

Name the most impressive tomb

A

The most impressive tomb are the passage tombs

38
Q

What does the passage tomb look like

A

They look like a hill or a circular mound of earth from the outside and from the inside it has a passage to the chamber

39
Q

Name the most famous passage way tomb

A

It is in newgrange co. Meath

40
Q

Name a passage way on the river boyne

A

The newgrange passageway

41
Q

Name three other discoveries the archeologists found

A

Artwork, roof box, cor belled roof

42
Q

Describe the artwork

A

Many of the stones along the passage are decorated with spiral and djmond shaped

43
Q

What is a corbelled roof

A

The roof is an extension of the wall.each layer of the wall is placed slightly inside the one below overlapping until they meet a single stone at the centre making a cone shape

44
Q

Why was newgrange buitt

A

It was used as a tomb

45
Q

What does newgrange tell us about the Neolithic people

A 
They were skilled builders 
they understood the movements of the sun and astronomy
They were very artistic
They believed in after life
They have great respect for their dead
46
Q

Give two reasons this was called the Stone Age

A

They used stone tools

47
Q

Define Neolithic

A

Neolithic is the period when people farmed and had better stone tools

History (17 decks)

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