Revolutions- the french revolution

Question 1

how was france ruled before 1789

king louis XVI

Answer 1

france was a powerful country,ruled by king louis XVI. louis became king 1774 at the age of 20. he was the absolute monarch and rued france from his beautiful palace at versailles near paris. louis believed that his power came from god.he made all eh major decisions. he appointed his advisors and there was no elected parliament.

he was a kind and generous man who loved hunting. he was popular with most french people.however he found it hard to make hard decisions. people also felt like he was controlled by his wife.. she was an austrian princess and was nit liked by the french. austria was the natural enemy of the french. they believed that she wasted vasts of money on luxuries

Question 2

what happened in 1789

Answer 2

the french revolution

Question 3

what was the three estates

Answer 3

the first estate was the clergy-the bishops and the priests of the catholic church. they numbered about 100,000 people.

the second estate was the nobles.there was about 400,000 nobles. most were wealthy landowners and some acted as advisors to the king

the third estate was the remaining 95 per cent of the population-they were called the commoners. they were poor workers or peasants.

Question 4

what is a tithe

Answer 4

it is a tax farmers and peasants had to pay. this was one-tenth of what they produced

Question 5

who are the commoners

Answer 5

farmers and peasants

Question 6

who are the bourgeoisie

Answer 6

the rich and well educated section of the third estate

Question 7

why were there demands in change in france

Answer 7

the enlightenment

the impact of the american revolution

taxes

Question 8

who are enlightenment writers and some examples

Answer 8

they are the people who are against the kings

voltaire

rousseau

Question 9

what are the things the enlightenment writers wrote

Answer 9

they thought that religion were superstition ans did not believe that the kings power came from god

they were opposed to the absolute power of the king and argues that his power came from the people

they felt the church and the nobles were too powerful and that the ordinary people of france should have a greater say in running the countries

Question 10

why were the french upset about the taxes

Answer 10

they were upset that the nobles did not have to pay the gabelle. this tax was disliked by the people as salt as used to preserve food.

although most peasants were poor they had to pay tax to their local lord. these were called feudal dues.the tithe paid to the church was also very unpopular.

Question 11

what is teh gabelle

Answer 11

tax on salt

Question 12

what are the feudal dues

Answer 12

the tax the peasants had to pay to their local lords

Question 13

what was the impact of the american revolution

Answer 13

they had been impressed by that the freedoms the americans had and wanted some of them to be introduced to france.

helping america also had another impact on france.the war of independence was one of the long line wars that france fought in the eighteenth century. these wars were very expensive and left france bankrupt

Question 14

what events led to the revolution in france

Answer 14

teh question voting
the national assembly
the bastille

Question 15

what is voting by order

Answer 15

it is when each estate met up separately and made up its mind on the issue. it then had one vote

Question 16

what is voting by head

Answer 16

it was when each member of the estate had a vote

Question 17

describe the question of voting

Answer 17

when the Estates General met in May 1789 members of the third estate wanted a role in the decisions that were to be made.to do this they needed to change the system of voting

in 1614 each estate met separately and made up its mind on an issue.it then had one vote.this was called voting by order.the nobles and clergy hoped that the voting system would stay this way so they could outvote the third estate by 2 to 1

the third estate wanted each member of the estates general to have a vote. this was called voting by head. they knew that with the help of some nobles and clergy who were sympathetic to them they would be able to introduce reforms as they made up most of the population

Question 18

causes of the french revolution

Answer 18

the influence of the enlightenment

bankruptcy

the absolute power of the king

resistance of the nobles to tax reform

the unfair nature of the tax system

Question 19

what was the national assembly

Answer 19

when the third estate didn’t get their way on the issue of voting the third estate refused to meet up at the estates general and met separately .

they said they said they represented the people of france.they called themselves the national assembly

Question 20

what was the tennis court oath

Answer 20

on 20 june the national assembly found the door where they met locked. fearing that they were about to be arrested they met in an indoor tennis court. they swore they would continue their meetings until their needs were met

this became known as the tennis court oath

Question 21

what were the imported changes for france

Answer 21

it banned the feudal system that has existed since the middle ages.this ended the power of the nobles

influenced by both of the american constitution and the views and enlightenment writers the assembly a document known as the declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen

Question 22

what did the assembly document and what did it do

Answer 22

the Declaration Of The Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

it gave the ordinary people of france more rights such as freedom of religion,. the right to free speech and the right to fair trail

Question 23

describe the bastille

Answer 23

in paris there was strong support for the national assembly.people feared that the king and nobles would try to crush the revolution. rumors spread that the king’s troops were marching on paris.

an army called the national guard formed to defend the city.there was an urgent need for guns. on the 14 of july after capturing the muskets a crowd marched to bastille prison where gunpowder was stored

this was a very important event- a symbol of the kings power had been captured by the people

king louis was still on the throne but his power was greatly reduced.three different states were lost.the people were now equal citizens and not the kings subject.in october the king was forced to move to versailles.the national assembly also moved to the city

Question 24

what is the national guard

Answer 24

an army formed to defend the city

Question 25

what are muskets

Answer 25

guns

Question 26

what is the slogan that became very popular

Answer 26

liberty
equality
fraternity

Question 27

explain the new slogan

Answer 27

liberty for the people from the rule of kings

equality of treatment for all

fraternity-brotherhood or cooperation between people

Question 28

who is maximilien robespierre

Answer 28

in the french parliment those who called for a republic were led by maximilien robespierre. he had been elected to the estates general in 1789. he was opponent to the kings power and was strongly influenced by the ideas of the Rousseau

he then became leader of the political party jacobins. he was very popular with the ordinary part of paris. to them he was a hero. he was named to the incorruptible one because of his devotion to the revolution

Question 29

what is jacobins

Answer 29

it is a political party robespierre became leader of

Question 30

why was the king executed in 1793

Answer 30

the flight to varennes

france became a republic

Question 31

what is the civil constitution of the clergy and when was it passed

Answer 31

the law brought the church under the control of the government

1790

Question 32

describe the flight to vareness

Answer 32

in 1790 the national assembly passed the civil constitution of the clergy. most revolutionaries disliked the church because it had supported the king and the nobles. they wanted to reduce their power.the law puts the church under control of the government. monasteries were closed and the priests and monks had to take an oath to support the revolution

king louis was very religious was a very religious man and didn’t like the changes made to the church.he decided to leave the france with his family.the king hoped to reach belgium.it was ruled by the austrian emperor who was the brother of mary antoinette.on the night of 20 june 1791 the royal family left paris but they were captured in vareness. they returned to paris under guard.

the revolutionaries were divided with what to do with the king.to robespierre and other revolutionaries this showed that he was an enemy to the revolution.they argued that france should become a republic

Question 33

describe teh execution of king louis XVI

Answer 33

they claimed that he was plotting with other kings in europe to try crush the the revolution

now called louis capet he was found guilty in January 1789. he was sentenced to death by small majority. he was executed in the 21 of january 1789 by guillotine. in october 1793 his wife marie was beheaded

Question 34

who was the king during the revolution

Answer 34

king louis XVI

Question 35

name the newly elected parliment

Answer 35

the national convention

Question 36

what is the committee of public safety

Answer 36

it is a organisation between 12 members set up to protect the revolution.

Question 37

what is the reign of terror

Answer 37

robespierre believed that the use of terror was needed to defeat the enemies of the revolution any suspected disloyalty to the government was arrested. robespierre rule of france became known as the reign of terror

executions became very common due to the law of suspects,as priests,former nobles, and many ordinary people were tried and executed.in 6 weeks 1,400 people were executed from paris alone.

Question 38

name a victim if robespierre’s cruelty

Answer 38

georges danton

Question 39

give a reason why robespierre was able to stay in power

Answer 39

the sans-culottes. to keep them happy robespierre kept the bread prices low.

Question 40

describe the fall of robespierre

Answer 40

with success of french armies who want the terror to end but he kept on having people executed again and again.he lost support of the parisians and members of the convention were worried that they could be next

on the 24 july 1784 he and his followers were arrested. in attempt to commit suicide he shot himself i the jaw. the next day he and his brother and other prominent followers were executed

robespierre had saved the revolution but at a terrible human cost.

Question 41

what is teh dictory

Answer 41

it id the more moderate government that came after the reign of terror

Question 42

how many people were said to be killed

Answer 42

40,000

Question 43

the rise of napoleon bonaparte

Answer 43

the war with france’s enemies continues. general Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as the most powerful man in france

under his leadership the french empires conquered large parts of europe . in 1803 he crowned himself the emperor of france.in 1812 he made a major mistake by invading russia. he got defeated..]

three years later he was defeated at waterloo in belgium. he was then sent t- a remote island in the atlantic and died in 1821

Question 44

what were the consequences of the french revolution

Answer 44

throughout europe ,many people welcomed the french revolution.they demanded that their kings and queens share their power

inspired by the events in france. such people as wolf tone hoped to spread revolutionary ideas in ireland

many rulers were afraid that the french revolution would spread to their countries so they arrested anybody who talked against them

the reign of terror shocked many people.these people prefered the rule of kings and queens instead if the chaos of the revolution

because of the revolution war broke out in europe. the war ended when napoleon died at waterloo in 1815

among lasting changes introduced during the revolution were the tricolour flag ans the metric system of weights and measures

a new national anthem of’la marseillaise’ was adopted