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History > Industrial Revolutions > Flashcards

Industrial Revolutions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the industrial revolutions

A

It was the change of people working from hand to factories

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2
Q

Where did it begin

A

It began in Britain

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3
Q

Why did the industrial revolution take place

A

Population explosion

Raw materials from mines

Coal and iron ore

Inventions

New farming methods

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4
Q

Causes for population explosion

A

Fewer famine-people had a wider range of food meaning that famine decreased. This is due to foods like rice and potatoes brought from other countries

Plagues ended- by 1700 the plague such as the Black Death disappeared

Medical discoveries- Edward Jenner discovered the cure to small pox. He created vaccinations.

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5
Q

How did the new farming methods take part in population explosion

A

The new methods of farming produced a lot more food. This led to population increasing.

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6
Q

What was the steam engine

A

It was used to drive machines in factories

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7
Q

Who created the steam engine

A

James Watt in 1763

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8
Q

What was the farming method used before the agricultural revolution

A

The three field system or open field system.

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9
Q

What is the agricultural revolution

A

It was the change in farming methods in the 18 century

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10
Q

Disadvantages of the three field system

A

Each year a field had to be left fallow

Weeds could spread easily between strips

Animal diseases spread easily

Land wasted at end of strips where oxen turned

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11
Q

What was he new farming system called

A

The four field system/ Norfolk system

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12
Q

Advantaged of the new farming system

A

The turnips and grass restored nutrients back into the soil

The food supply increased and no fields were left fallow

It means cattle didn’t have to be killed

No. Of animals increased feeding the new population

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13
Q

What is enclosure

A

It is when the landlord takes each tenants strips of arable and brings them together into a single farm

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14
Q

What was the parliament that allowed landlords to force enclosure

A

Enclosure Acts

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15
Q

The advantages of enclosure

A

It reduced weed disease

Farmers could use new methods of farming

More food could be produced

Landlords regret higher rents

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16
Q

Disadvantages of enclosure

A

Small farmers could not afford to plant hedges and dig drains. They sold their farms and went to towns and cities to work in Factories.

Labourers never had land and lost their grazing rights on the commons. The new machinery men’s t that many of them had no work. As a result they moved to the city to find work

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17
Q

What did Robert bakewell create

A

Selective farming

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18
Q

Explain Robert bakewells invention

A

It was when he takes the largest of the the same animal and bred them,resulting in a large animal.
The weight of cattle and sheep. Ore than doubled

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19
Q

What is broadcasting

A

It was the old way of planting seeds by simply scattering them by hand

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20
Q

What did Jethro Tull invent

A

The seed drill

Horse drawn hoe

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21
Q

Explain Jethro Tulls invention

A

It was pulled be horse or cattle This drill made a furrow and dropped seed into it. A blade covered the seed into it. The blade covered the seed in soil protecting it from the birds.

The horse drawn hoe could remove weeds from between crops

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22
Q

What did Cyrus McCormick invent

A

He invented the mechanical reaper. It reduced time used to harvest crops

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23
Q

What were the affects of the agricultural revolution

A

More food was produced

Fewer people needed land due to the machinery

The increase in food supply meant that it would deal with the population growth

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24
Q

What is a loom

A

A machine used to. Are cloth

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25
Q

What is a spinning wheel

A

A machine used to make thread

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26
Q

What is the domestic system or cottage industry

A

It was the use of a loon/ spinning wheel which is powered by hand

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27
Q

What is a factory

A

It is a building use to house the new machines

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28
Q

What is mass production

A

It is producing large amounts of cloth at a cheap price

29
Q

When if the effects of factories

A

The factories need a large amount of people to work it resulting in cities being built around the,

30
Q

What did john Kay create

A

The flying shuttle

31
Q

Who invented the spinning Jenny

A

James Hargreaves

32
Q

What did Richard Arkwright invent

A

The water frame

33
Q

What did Samson crompton

A

The spinning mule

34
Q

Who created the power loom

A

Edward Cartwright

35
Q

What were the new inventions in the textile industry

A 
Flying shuttle
Spinning Jenny
Water frame
Spinning mule
Power mule
36
Q

What was Lancashire

A

It was the centre of the cotton industry

37
Q

What was coal used for

A

To heat water to create steam

Power locomotives on the railway and steam ships

It was used to make coke

38
Q

Define smelt

A

Separate the iron from the rock which it is contained

39
Q

What is coke

A

Coal is burnt to remove harmful gases and this turns the coal to coke. Coke burns at a higher temperature in the furnace

40
Q

What are the dangers of coalmining

A

Flooding- the dangers of underground water stopped colliers from digging to deeply. However Watts steam engine meant water could be pumped from the mine

Explosions- carbon gas gets built up in a mine. When exposed to a naked flame it explodes however the invention of the Davy safety lamp

41
Q

What is a collier

A

A coal miner

42
Q

What is pig iron

A

Iron produced by smelting

43
Q

What was iron used for

A

It was needed for making machinery. Like steam engine and locomotives

44
Q

What is wrought iron

A

It is when coke is used to smelt the iron instead of coal. The pig iron is then beaten to remove impurities

45
Q

Who created wrought iron

A

Abraham Darby

46
Q

What did Henry cort create

A

He invented the puddling and rolling method

47
Q

What did Henry courts method do

A

It made better quality wrought iron

48
Q

And the method that Henry Bessemer created

A

He created the converter method of making steel

49
Q

Describe the converter method of making steel

A

A vessel was filled with liquid pig iron and some chemicals were added. A blast if hot air passed through the mixture

50
Q

Advantages of steel

A

Cheaper to make

Stronger than wrought iron

Less likely to crack and more flexible

51
Q

what was the transport revolution

A

it was a time where roads and other transportation devices were improved

52
Q

what were turnpike trusts

A

they were private companies which got permission from parliament to improve and maintain a section of the road

53
Q

whaten are turnpikes

A

barriers on roads where tolls were collected

54
Q

what is a toll

A

money paid for travelling along a road

55
Q

how did thomas telford improve roads

A

digging deep foundations

putting a layer of heavy stones and and smaller stones
covered this layer

putting a layer of tightly packed gravel on top wich give a smooth surface

making roads high in the middle and sloping towards in the sids witch allowed water to run of

56
Q

what did john MacAdam state

A

there was no need for deep foundations. a layer of small stones 30cm deep was enough

the carts and coaches would grind the stones on the top to powder and the rain would wash the powder down which would hold layers together

57
Q

what were the effects of road improvements

A

it cut the journey time between london and manchester fro four days to 18 hours

more people wanted to travel. they did so in stagecoaches

greater amounts of raw materials and finished products could be transported more quickly

58
Q

who built a canal

A

james brindly

59
Q

why did the creator of the canal create it and what was the result

A

he built the canal for the duke of bridgewater from his cornfields to manchester. it was then called the bridgewater canal. the result of this is the dukes sales went up

60
Q

who created the locomotive

A

richard trevithick

61
Q

who created the first train

A

george stephenson

62
Q

what else did george stephenson create

A

the rocket

63
Q

what were the effects of the railway

A

they provided cheaper and faster transport

heavy goods were transported really quickly over short distances

they gave a huge boost to the mining, iron and steel industries

they also boosted tourism as people were able to get to resorts

they created many jobs

they led to a decline for the use of canals and road transport

64
Q

what were the effects of the transport revolution

A

it meant that raw materials and manufactured goods could be transported more quickly and cheaply

the less time it tool to carry goods from the factory to the market the lower the cost

this made the goods chaper and as a result people could afford to buy them

iron and stal and coal production increaCED CREATLY DUE TO THE TRANSPORT REvolution

65
Q

describe the steam ships

A

until the 18 centrut

66
Q

what is urbanisation

A

it is the movement from people in the countryside to the cities

67
Q

name the two main reasons for urbanisation

A

small farmers and labourers were forced off the land due to the enclosure system

the domestic system could not compete with the factory system. as a result spinners and weavers had lost their jobs had to move to the cities to work in the factories

68
Q

describe the growth of cities during the industrial revolution

A

in 1750, 25 per cent of britain’s population lived in towns and cities. by 1850 this has risen to 50 per cent.the move of people form countryside to cities is called urbanisation. (name the two main reasons for it).

there was a huge increase in the size of the cities. for example the 1750,45000 people lived in manchester. by 1850 it was 303,000

History (17 decks)

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