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Vol 2 > Section 2 (Arranging) - Orchestration > Flashcards

Section 2 (Arranging) - Orchestration Flashcards

1
Q

What is orchestration

A

Thr practice of assigning instruments to musical lines

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2
Q

What are the six common function of the woodwind section

A
  1. Melodic lines and solos
  2. Difficult technical passages
  3. Harmonic backgrounds
  4. Reinforcing other instruments
  5. Counter melodies
  6. Contrasting textures and colors
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3
Q

How does the low register of the piccolo sound

A

Soft and hollow

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4
Q

How does the piccolo sound as it get louder

A

Clearer

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5
Q

At the top of its voice how does the piccolo sound

A

Brilliant and piercing

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6
Q

How does the flute sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

It begins soft and lush

Gets brighter and louder as it goes up

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7
Q

When is the flute appropriate for melodic lines

A

When they require a warm dark and rich tone

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8
Q

How does the oboe sound at its lowest point and what happens as it get higher

A

Low its ready and uncentered

Becomes bright clearer and more controlled as it increases in volume

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8
Q

How the the oboe sound at its lowest point and what happens as it get higher

A

Low its ready and uncentered

Becomes bright clearer and more controlled as it increases in volume

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9
Q

The oboe blends well with

A

Flute clarinet and muted trumpet

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10
Q

How does the bassoon sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

Reedy and uncontrolled in its low range

Bright and clear in the mid-upper register

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11
Q

What does the bassoon blend well with

A

Tenor sax and any member of the low brass

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12
Q

How does the Bb clarinet sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

In its lowest register is dark thin and weak
Progressively getting clearer and brighter
And finally thin and piercing at the top

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13
Q

What do Bb clarinets blend well with

A

Woodwinds and brass

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14
Q

How does the bass clarinet sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

Lower its full and warm

Progressively getting thinner

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15
Q

What is the bass clarinets unique capability

A

Serving as the foundation of the clarinet family

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16
Q

How does the alto sax sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

Harsh and uncontrolled lower range
Brighter and more controlled as it raises
Thin and shrill at the top

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17
Q

What does the timbre if the alto sax do to any line

A

Warns the color

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18
Q

How does the tenor sax sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

Low/mid produces a full and rich tone

Thin and shrill as it get into the upper register

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19
Q

What is the tenor sax good at doubling

A

Euph and trombone

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20
Q

What quality of the ensemble does the tenor sax enhance

A

The sonorous quality

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21
Q

How does the bari sax sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

Full and rich in the low register
Thinner as the pitch increases
Uncontrolled and thin at the top

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22
Q

Likely doublings for the bari sax

A

Bass clarinet and bassoon

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23
Q

When is thr woodwind section must effective

A

When its not too dense

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24
Q

When combining woodwinds with brass what range do you put the woodwinds in

A

The top of the comfort zone to upper tessitura

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25
Q

What can happen with like instruments playing in the unison

A

Intonation problems

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26
Q

What harmonic tool can you use to accompany active themes

A

Sustained accompaniments

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27
Q

What is homophobic writing

A

The movement of accompanying parts in the same rhythm as the melody or lead line

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28
Q

Why should the chord stack be closely observed

A

Various degrees of open and closed positions will yield different sounds

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29
Q

What are the four different homophonic writing techniques

A

Superimposed
Interlocked
Enclosed
Overlapped

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30
Q

Explain superimposed

A

All stackef by instrument group lowest to highest

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31
Q

Explain interlocked

A

Every other note is given to a different instrument family

Example (high to low):
Flute 1
Clarinet 1
Flute 2 
Clarinet 2
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32
Q

Explain enclosed

A

An instrument group surrounded by another instrument group

Example low to high:
Oboe 1
Clarinet 1
Clarinet 2
Oboe 2
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33
Q

Explained overlapped

A

Instrument groups double certain tones overlapping each other

Example high to low:
Flute 1
Flute. 2 oboe 1
Oboe 2 clarinet 1
Clarinet 2
34
Q

What are the 5 common uses of the brass section

A
  1. Emphasize accented figures
  2. Present the melody
  3. Build and create climactic points
  4. Accentuate crescendos and dynamic
    5, act as a homophonic unit
35
Q

How does the trumpet sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

Weak and uncontrolled pedal tones

Clear and rich brighter as it get higher

36
Q

How does the horn in f sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A 
Pedal tones uncontrolled
Dark and rich
 gets brighter and blending
Then expressive
Penetrating at the top
38
Q

How does the trombone sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

From dark and uncentered
Rich in the middle
To bright and penetrating

39
Q

How does the euphonium sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

dark and controlled
gets warmer
bright and thin at the top

40
Q

what does the euphonium sound good with

A

sax horns and clarinets

41
Q

what certain characteristic does the euphonium bring to music

A

roundness to articulations

42
Q

How does the tuba sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

A

pedals are full and uncentered
low tessitura very full and centered
higher clear and blending
top is thin and supported

43
Q

what are the things to consider in homophonic writing

A

balance timbre range characteristic

44
Q

closed positions may sound too

A

dense or dissonant

45
Q

open voicings may make the music

A

susceptible to intonation issues and balance issues

46
Q

what can the trumpet double

A

clarinet oboe and flute

47
Q

what can the trombones double

A

bassoons and tenor saxophones

48
Q

what can the euphonium double

A

tenor and bari sax

49
Q

what can the horn in F double

A

lower clarinets alto and tenor sax

50
Q

what can the tuba double

A

bari sax

51
Q

what is extremely effective for climactic points in music

A

brass choir

52
Q

what are the 6 functions of the percussion section

A
  1. emphasize the rhythmic pulse and style of the piece
  2. accentuate crescendos, dynamic levels, and other effects
  3. emphasize rhythmic figures, which may be harmonized in the winds
  4. emphasize accents
  5. produce and resolve climactic points
  6. add color to passages by doubling other wind instruments
53
Q

in general what are the three choices in writing for percussion

A
  1. a rhythm that duplicates that of the ensemble
  2. a rhythm that contrasts with that of the ensemble
  3. a sustained pitch or tone
54
Q

what are the two percussion groups

A

definite pitch

indefinite pitch

55
Q

snare drum location

A

3rd space

56
Q

bass drum location

A

1st space

57
Q

gong location

A

below 1st line and 1st space

58
Q

cymbals location

A

below 1st line
1st and 4th space
above 5th line

59
Q

triangle and tamb location

A

1st and 4th space

above 5th line

60
Q

what does a wooden snare produce

A

warm tone

61
Q

what does a metal snare produce

A

brighter more articulate

62
Q

how do you muffle a concert bass drum

A

left hand on reso head

knee into batter head

63
Q

what are the most common xylo mallets and what sound do they produce

A

rubber or plastic

piercing and brittle

64
Q

what are marimba mallets made up of

A

rubber mallets wrapped in yarn

65
Q

what gives a vibraphone the tremolo effect

A

a motor that runs a butterfly valve that opens and closes the resonator tubes

66
Q

concert band instrumentation for a small fleet band

A

flute/picc oboe bassoon
clarinets 1-3 3 sax’s (not soprano)
trumpet 1-3 2 F horns
2 trombones 1 bass trombone
euph tuba percussion

67
Q

concert band instrumentation for a large fleet band

A

flute flute/picc 2 oboe 2 bassoon
clarinets 1-3 2 alto sax tenor sax bari sax
trumpet 1-4 2 F horns
2 trombones 1 bass trombone
euph tuba percussion

68
Q

what does polyphonic mean

A

many sound

multiple parts each with their own melody

69
Q

examples of polyphonic texture

A

canons and fugues

70
Q

the 4 groups that play unison melodic lines

A
  1. flute clarinet and oboe
  2. clarinet, flute, horn, and trumpet
  3. oboe, flute, and muted trumpet
  4. bassoon, horn, trombone, and euphonium
71
Q

what is probably the most important part of a vocal arrangement

A

the entrance set up so they can pre hear their entrance. essential for establishing tonality

72
Q

what should avoid having under a vocalist

A

thick background pads and overly active counter lines in the vocalists register

73
Q

soprano vocalists range

A

C4-C6

74
Q

mezzo soprano vocalists range

A

A3-A5

75
Q

alto vocalists range

A

F3-E5

76
Q

contra alto vocalists range

A

E3-D5

77
Q

Tenor vocalists range

A

C3-B4

78
Q

baritone vocalists range

A

G2-F4

79
Q

bass vocalists range

A

E2-E4

80
Q

three practical vocal style ranges

A

jazz, broadway, and classical

81
Q

jazz female range

A

G3-C5

82
Q

broadway showtunes

A

C4-E5

83
Q

what is a singers comfort range

A

middle fifth

84
Q

how do you determine the correct key for a male vocalist

A

collaborate

Vol 2 (20 decks)

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