Section 2 (Arranging) - Orchestration

Question 1

What is orchestration

Answer 1

Thr practice of assigning instruments to musical lines

Question 2

What are the six common function of the woodwind section

Answer 2

1. Melodic lines and solos
2. Difficult technical passages
3. Harmonic backgrounds
4. Reinforcing other instruments
5. Counter melodies
6. Contrasting textures and colors

Question 3

How does the low register of the piccolo sound

Answer 3

Soft and hollow

Question 4

How does the piccolo sound as it get louder

Answer 4

Clearer

Question 5

At the top of its voice how does the piccolo sound

Answer 5

Brilliant and piercing

Question 6

How does the flute sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 6

It begins soft and lush

Gets brighter and louder as it goes up

Question 7

When is the flute appropriate for melodic lines

Answer 7

When they require a warm dark and rich tone

Question 8

How does the oboe sound at its lowest point and what happens as it get higher

Answer 8

Low its ready and uncentered

Becomes bright clearer and more controlled as it increases in volume

Question 8

How the the oboe sound at its lowest point and what happens as it get higher

Answer 8

Low its ready and uncentered

Becomes bright clearer and more controlled as it increases in volume

Question 9

The oboe blends well with

Answer 9

Flute clarinet and muted trumpet

Question 10

How does the bassoon sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 10

Reedy and uncontrolled in its low range

Bright and clear in the mid-upper register

Question 11

What does the bassoon blend well with

Answer 11

Tenor sax and any member of the low brass

Question 12

How does the Bb clarinet sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 12

In its lowest register is dark thin and weak
Progressively getting clearer and brighter
And finally thin and piercing at the top

Question 13

What do Bb clarinets blend well with

Answer 13

Woodwinds and brass

Question 14

How does the bass clarinet sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 14

Lower its full and warm

Progressively getting thinner

Question 15

What is the bass clarinets unique capability

Answer 15

Serving as the foundation of the clarinet family

Question 16

How does the alto sax sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 16

Harsh and uncontrolled lower range
Brighter and more controlled as it raises
Thin and shrill at the top

Question 17

What does the timbre if the alto sax do to any line

Answer 17

Warns the color

Question 18

How does the tenor sax sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 18

Low/mid produces a full and rich tone

Thin and shrill as it get into the upper register

Question 19

What is the tenor sax good at doubling

Answer 19

Euph and trombone

Question 20

What quality of the ensemble does the tenor sax enhance

Answer 20

The sonorous quality

Question 21

How does the bari sax sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 21

Full and rich in the low register
Thinner as the pitch increases
Uncontrolled and thin at the top

Question 22

Likely doublings for the bari sax

Answer 22

Bass clarinet and bassoon

Question 23

When is thr woodwind section must effective

Answer 23

When its not too dense

Question 24

When combining woodwinds with brass what range do you put the woodwinds in

Answer 24

The top of the comfort zone to upper tessitura

Question 25

What can happen with like instruments playing in the unison

Answer 25

Intonation problems

Question 26

What harmonic tool can you use to accompany active themes

Answer 26

Sustained accompaniments

Question 27

What is homophobic writing

Answer 27

The movement of accompanying parts in the same rhythm as the melody or lead line

Question 28

Why should the chord stack be closely observed

Answer 28

Various degrees of open and closed positions will yield different sounds

Question 29

What are the four different homophonic writing techniques

Answer 29

Superimposed Interlocked Enclosed Overlapped

Question 30

Explain superimposed

Answer 30

All stackef by instrument group lowest to highest

Question 31

Explain interlocked

Answer 31

Every other note is given to a different instrument family ``` Example (high to low): Flute 1 Clarinet 1 Flute 2 Clarinet 2 ```

Question 32

Explain enclosed

Answer 32

An instrument group surrounded by another instrument group ``` Example low to high: Oboe 1 Clarinet 1 Clarinet 2 Oboe 2 ```

Question 33

Explained overlapped

Answer 33

Instrument groups double certain tones overlapping each other ``` Example high to low: Flute 1 Flute. 2 oboe 1 Oboe 2 clarinet 1 Clarinet 2 ```

Question 34

What are the 5 common uses of the brass section

Answer 34

1. Emphasize accented figures 2. Present the melody 3. Build and create climactic points 4. Accentuate crescendos and dynamic 5, act as a homophonic unit

Question 35

How does the trumpet sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 35

Weak and uncontrolled pedal tones | Clear and rich brighter as it get higher

Question 36

How does the horn in f sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 36

``` Pedal tones uncontrolled Dark and rich gets brighter and blending Then expressive Penetrating at the top ```

Question 38

How does the trombone sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 38

From dark and uncentered Rich in the middle To bright and penetrating

Question 39

How does the euphonium sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 39

dark and controlled gets warmer bright and thin at the top

Question 40

what does the euphonium sound good with

Answer 40

sax horns and clarinets

Question 41

what certain characteristic does the euphonium bring to music

Answer 41

roundness to articulations

Question 42

How does the tuba sound at its lowest point, what happens as it get higher

Answer 42

pedals are full and uncentered low tessitura very full and centered higher clear and blending top is thin and supported

Question 43

what are the things to consider in homophonic writing

Answer 43

balance timbre range characteristic

Question 44

closed positions may sound too

Answer 44

dense or dissonant

Question 45

open voicings may make the music

Answer 45

susceptible to intonation issues and balance issues

Question 46

what can the trumpet double

Answer 46

clarinet oboe and flute

Question 47

what can the trombones double

Answer 47

bassoons and tenor saxophones

Question 48

what can the euphonium double

Answer 48

tenor and bari sax

Question 49

what can the horn in F double

Answer 49

lower clarinets alto and tenor sax

Question 50

what can the tuba double

Answer 50

bari sax

Question 51

what is extremely effective for climactic points in music

Answer 51

brass choir

Question 52

what are the 6 functions of the percussion section

Answer 52

1. emphasize the rhythmic pulse and style of the piece 2. accentuate crescendos, dynamic levels, and other effects 3. emphasize rhythmic figures, which may be harmonized in the winds 4. emphasize accents 5. produce and resolve climactic points 6. add color to passages by doubling other wind instruments

Question 53

in general what are the three choices in writing for percussion

Answer 53

1. a rhythm that duplicates that of the ensemble 2. a rhythm that contrasts with that of the ensemble 3. a sustained pitch or tone

Question 54

what are the two percussion groups

Answer 54

definite pitch | indefinite pitch

Question 55

snare drum location

Answer 55

3rd space

Question 56

bass drum location

Answer 56

1st space

Question 57

gong location

Answer 57

below 1st line and 1st space

Question 58

cymbals location

Answer 58

below 1st line 1st and 4th space above 5th line

Question 59

triangle and tamb location

Answer 59

1st and 4th space | above 5th line

Question 60

what does a wooden snare produce

Answer 60

warm tone

Question 61

what does a metal snare produce

Answer 61

brighter more articulate

Question 62

how do you muffle a concert bass drum

Answer 62

left hand on reso head | knee into batter head

Question 63

what are the most common xylo mallets and what sound do they produce

Answer 63

rubber or plastic | piercing and brittle

Question 64

what are marimba mallets made up of

Answer 64

rubber mallets wrapped in yarn

Question 65

what gives a vibraphone the tremolo effect

Answer 65

a motor that runs a butterfly valve that opens and closes the resonator tubes

Question 66

concert band instrumentation for a small fleet band

Answer 66

flute/picc oboe bassoon clarinets 1-3 3 sax's (not soprano) trumpet 1-3 2 F horns 2 trombones 1 bass trombone euph tuba percussion

Question 67

concert band instrumentation for a large fleet band

Answer 67

flute flute/picc 2 oboe 2 bassoon clarinets 1-3 2 alto sax tenor sax bari sax trumpet 1-4 2 F horns 2 trombones 1 bass trombone euph tuba percussion

Question 68

what does polyphonic mean

Answer 68

many sound | multiple parts each with their own melody

Question 69

examples of polyphonic texture

Answer 69

canons and fugues

Question 70

the 4 groups that play unison melodic lines

Answer 70

1. flute clarinet and oboe 2. clarinet, flute, horn, and trumpet 3. oboe, flute, and muted trumpet 4. bassoon, horn, trombone, and euphonium

Question 71

what is probably the most important part of a vocal arrangement

Answer 71

the entrance set up so they can pre hear their entrance. essential for establishing tonality

Question 72

what should avoid having under a vocalist

Answer 72

thick background pads and overly active counter lines in the vocalists register

Question 73

soprano vocalists range

Answer 73

C4-C6

Question 74

mezzo soprano vocalists range

Answer 74

A3-A5

Question 75

alto vocalists range

Answer 75

F3-E5

Question 76

contra alto vocalists range

Answer 76

E3-D5

Question 77

Tenor vocalists range

Answer 77

C3-B4

Question 78

baritone vocalists range

Answer 78

G2-F4

Question 79

bass vocalists range

Answer 79

E2-E4

Question 80

three practical vocal style ranges

Answer 80

jazz, broadway, and classical

Question 81

jazz female range

Answer 81

G3-C5

Question 82

broadway showtunes

Answer 82

C4-E5

Question 83

what is a singers comfort range

Answer 83

middle fifth

Question 84

how do you determine the correct key for a male vocalist

Answer 84

collaborate