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Vol 2 > Section 1 (Theory/Harm)- Nonharmonic Movement > Flashcards

Section 1 (Theory/Harm)- Nonharmonic Movement Flashcards

1
Q

what is non harmonic movement

A

when a non chord tone creates a melodic connection between chord tones

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2
Q

where is non harmonic movement found

A

in main melody lines or within supporting voices to connect the vertical harmonic structure of a composition

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3
Q

when is a passing tone (P) used?

A

to fill the space between two chord tones in diatonic or chromatic fashion

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4
Q

what is a passing tone (P)?

A

approached diatonically or chromatically by a step (not leap) and move by step in the same direction.

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5
Q

what are passing tones located on strong rhythmic positions called?

A

accented passing tones

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6
Q

what are two connected passing tones called?

A

double passing tone

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7
Q

what are neighboring tones (N)

A

NCT’s that embellish single tones chromatically or diatonically a step above or below

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8
Q

what are the names for above and below neighbors

A

above - upper neighbor

Below - lower neighbor

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9
Q

what must neighboring tones do

A

immediately return to the tone it came from

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10
Q

what is an appoggiatura (A)?

A

NCT’s that are approached by a leap and move to chord tones by a step diatonically or chromatically in the opposite directions

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11
Q

whats another name for appoggiatura (A)

A

incomplete neighbor

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12
Q

what will appoggiaturas be approached by?

A

a chord tone

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13
Q

what is an escape tone (E)

A

NCT’s that are approached by a step and move to a chord tone by a leap in the opposite direction

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14
Q

what are escape tones also known as

A

incomplete neighbors

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15
Q

what are 3 common characteristics of an escape tone?

A
  1. shorter than a beat
  2. unaccented
  3. diatonic
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16
Q

What are the other names for a Neighboring Group (NG)?

A

cambiata or changing tones

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17
Q

what is a neighboring group (NG)

A

two consecutive non chord tones that embellish a chord tone through its upper and lower neighboring tones

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18
Q

how would you identify a neighboring groups (NG)

A
  1. approached by a step
  2. then move by a leap in opposite direction to its adjoining neighboring tone
  3. resolves to the original chord tone
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19
Q

what is anticipation (ANT)?

A

rhythmically anticipated chord change that has not yet been reached

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20
Q

characteristics of an anticipation (ANT)

A

Approached by a step or leap

Rhythmically ties, sustained or followed by a rest

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21
Q

what is a suspension (SUS)

A

hold or sustain a chord after the voices have moved to another chord

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22
Q

characteristics of a suspension?

A

can be dissonant or consonant
usually fall on rhythmically strong points
can occur in any voice

23
Q

what are the three elements of a suspension

A

preparation
suspension
resolution

24
Q

in relation to a suspension, what is preparation

A

the tone preceding the suspension is the same pitch as the suspension and will always be a chord tone

25
Q

in relation to a suspension, what is suspension

A

the tone suspends the chord. may not be rhythmically tied to the prep, but will be the same note

26
Q

in relation to a suspension, what is resolution

A

the resolving tone following the suspension.

27
Q

where will the resolution be in relation to the suspension?

A

it will be a chord tone a 2nd below the suspension

28
Q

how are suspensions named?

A

by the harmonic interval they create above the bass note

29
Q

what is the only compound interval sus?

A

9-8 sus

30
Q

the only suspension with a resolution is?

A

9-8

31
Q

Common bass suspension

A

2-3 sus

32
Q

what is a change of bass suspension?

A

when the bass moves to another chord tone with the resolution. but the bass doesn’t have a suspension

33
Q

what is an embellished suspension?

A

when other tones appear after the suspension and before the resolution.
can contain chord tones and non chord tones

34
Q

what is a chain of suspension?

A

occurs when one resolution serves as the preparation for another

35
Q

what is a retardation (R)

A

when you hold on to a chord after the other voices have moved on

36
Q

what is the difference between retardation and suspensions?

A

the resolution of a chord will be a 2nd above the retardations.
suspension resolves down
retardation resolves up

37
Q

when do retardations occur

A

cadential points but can occur anywhere.

they can also occur at the same time as suspensions but don’t have to

38
Q

what is a pedal point (pedal)

A

a sustained tone occurring over 3 or more chords

39
Q

2 key characteristics of pedal points

A
  1. must begin and end as a chord tone

2. must be a non chord tone on one chord between the first and last chord

40
Q

where do pedal points usually occur and how is it analyzed

A

in the bass voice.

figured bass uses lowest moving voice for analysis

41
Q

what is an inverted pedal point

A

pedal point found in the soprano voice

42
Q

what is an internal pedal point

A

pedal point found in the alto or tenor voice

43
Q

what is a double pedal point

A

a pedal in two voices. usually bass and another voice

44
Q

passing tone (P) - approached and resolved by

A

approached by step

resolved by step in the same direction

45
Q

neighboring tone (N) - approached and resolved by

A

approached by step

resolved by step in the opposite direction

46
Q

appoggiatura - approached and resolved by

A

approached by leap

resolved by step in the opposite direction

47
Q

escape tone (E) - approached and resolved by

A

approached by step

resolved by step in the opposite direction

48
Q

neighboring group (NG) - approached and resolved by

A

approached by step, then leaps to other chord tone

resolved by step back to original chord tone

49
Q

Anticipation - approached and resolved by

A

approached by step or leap

resolved by same tone

50
Q

suspension - approached and resolved by

A

approached by same tone

resolved by down a step

51
Q

retardation - approached and resolved by

A

approached by same tone

resolved by up a step

52
Q

suspension - approached and resolved by

A

approached by same tone sustained

resolved by up a chord tone, non chord tone, to chord tone

53
Q

four part writing can have multiple non harmonic tones simultaneously. when this occurs what are the typical intervals

A

3rds, 6ths, and octaves.

54
Q

the bass voice is typically limited to what non harmonic tones?

A

unaccented passing tones, pedals, and neighboring tones

Vol 2 (20 decks)

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