Section 1 (Theory/Harm)- Nonharmonic Movement Flashcards
what is non harmonic movement
when a non chord tone creates a melodic connection between chord tones
where is non harmonic movement found
in main melody lines or within supporting voices to connect the vertical harmonic structure of a composition
when is a passing tone (P) used?
to fill the space between two chord tones in diatonic or chromatic fashion
what is a passing tone (P)?
approached diatonically or chromatically by a step (not leap) and move by step in the same direction.
what are passing tones located on strong rhythmic positions called?
accented passing tones
what are two connected passing tones called?
double passing tone
what are neighboring tones (N)
NCT’s that embellish single tones chromatically or diatonically a step above or below
what are the names for above and below neighbors
above - upper neighbor
Below - lower neighbor
what must neighboring tones do
immediately return to the tone it came from
what is an appoggiatura (A)?
NCT’s that are approached by a leap and move to chord tones by a step diatonically or chromatically in the opposite directions
whats another name for appoggiatura (A)
incomplete neighbor
what will appoggiaturas be approached by?
a chord tone
what is an escape tone (E)
NCT’s that are approached by a step and move to a chord tone by a leap in the opposite direction
what are escape tones also known as
incomplete neighbors
what are 3 common characteristics of an escape tone?
- shorter than a beat
- unaccented
- diatonic
What are the other names for a Neighboring Group (NG)?
cambiata or changing tones
what is a neighboring group (NG)
two consecutive non chord tones that embellish a chord tone through its upper and lower neighboring tones
how would you identify a neighboring groups (NG)
- approached by a step
- then move by a leap in opposite direction to its adjoining neighboring tone
- resolves to the original chord tone
what is anticipation (ANT)?
rhythmically anticipated chord change that has not yet been reached
characteristics of an anticipation (ANT)
Approached by a step or leap
Rhythmically ties, sustained or followed by a rest
what is a suspension (SUS)
hold or sustain a chord after the voices have moved to another chord
characteristics of a suspension?
can be dissonant or consonant
usually fall on rhythmically strong points
can occur in any voice
what are the three elements of a suspension
preparation
suspension
resolution
in relation to a suspension, what is preparation
the tone preceding the suspension is the same pitch as the suspension and will always be a chord tone
in relation to a suspension, what is suspension
the tone suspends the chord. may not be rhythmically tied to the prep, but will be the same note
in relation to a suspension, what is resolution
the resolving tone following the suspension.
where will the resolution be in relation to the suspension?
it will be a chord tone a 2nd below the suspension
how are suspensions named?
by the harmonic interval they create above the bass note
what is the only compound interval sus?
9-8 sus
the only suspension with a resolution is?
9-8
Common bass suspension
2-3 sus
what is a change of bass suspension?
when the bass moves to another chord tone with the resolution. but the bass doesn’t have a suspension
what is an embellished suspension?
when other tones appear after the suspension and before the resolution.
can contain chord tones and non chord tones
what is a chain of suspension?
occurs when one resolution serves as the preparation for another
what is a retardation (R)
when you hold on to a chord after the other voices have moved on
what is the difference between retardation and suspensions?
the resolution of a chord will be a 2nd above the retardations.
suspension resolves down
retardation resolves up
when do retardations occur
cadential points but can occur anywhere.
they can also occur at the same time as suspensions but don’t have to
what is a pedal point (pedal)
a sustained tone occurring over 3 or more chords
2 key characteristics of pedal points
- must begin and end as a chord tone
2. must be a non chord tone on one chord between the first and last chord
where do pedal points usually occur and how is it analyzed
in the bass voice.
figured bass uses lowest moving voice for analysis
what is an inverted pedal point
pedal point found in the soprano voice
what is an internal pedal point
pedal point found in the alto or tenor voice
what is a double pedal point
a pedal in two voices. usually bass and another voice
passing tone (P) - approached and resolved by
approached by step
resolved by step in the same direction
neighboring tone (N) - approached and resolved by
approached by step
resolved by step in the opposite direction
appoggiatura - approached and resolved by
approached by leap
resolved by step in the opposite direction
escape tone (E) - approached and resolved by
approached by step
resolved by step in the opposite direction
neighboring group (NG) - approached and resolved by
approached by step, then leaps to other chord tone
resolved by step back to original chord tone
Anticipation - approached and resolved by
approached by step or leap
resolved by same tone
suspension - approached and resolved by
approached by same tone
resolved by down a step
retardation - approached and resolved by
approached by same tone
resolved by up a step
suspension - approached and resolved by
approached by same tone sustained
resolved by up a chord tone, non chord tone, to chord tone
four part writing can have multiple non harmonic tones simultaneously. when this occurs what are the typical intervals
3rds, 6ths, and octaves.
the bass voice is typically limited to what non harmonic tones?
unaccented passing tones, pedals, and neighboring tones
