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Study notes > section 2 > Flashcards

section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Response versus behavior

A

Behavior is a larger set/class of responses that share physical dimensions- like hand flapping

Response as a single instance of behavior

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2
Q

Response class

A

A group of behaviors that comprising operant they have the same function

similar behaviors that are strengthened or weakened collectively as a result of operant conditioning

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3
Q

Repertoire

A

All the behaviors you can do

Your knowledge and skills

Ex… shut the hell
Up

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4
Q

Environment

A

A complex dynamic universe of events that differs from instance to Instance

Evokes bx and follows bx

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5
Q

Stimuli

A

Physical events that affect the behavior of an individual

Maybe internal or External

Energy change that affects an organism through it’s receptor cells

Can happen prior to, during, or after a behavior

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6
Q

Three types of nervous systems

A

PIE

Proprioceptive- joints, tendons, muscles- needed for balance or movement

Interoceptive- organs

Exteroceptive- 5 senses

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7
Q

Stimulus class

A

Group of antecedent stimuli that has common effect on an operants class

Evoke or abate the same behavior or response class but may vary across physical dimensions

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8
Q

3 types of stimulus classes

A

FIT for the fun

Formal - physical features of stimuli (topography) size, color location etc….

Temporal- refers to time
Changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest and stimulus changes that follow a behavior of interest

Functional- understood best through their effects (function) on the behavior
Ex. Hearing a buzz mean text message on phone

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9
Q

Feature stimulus class

A 
Can share
Common topographies 
Common relative relations 
Infinite number of stimuli 
Developed through stimulus generalization

Concept of dog, house , tree etc

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10
Q

Arbitrary stimulus class

A

Random

Evoke the same response but do not share a common stimulus feature
Fruit- apple banana etc….I
QtQ

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11
Q

Consequences

A

Only affect future behavior

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12
Q

Formal stimulus class

A

Physical features of the stimuli

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13
Q

Temporal stimulus class

A

Refers to time
Stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior and stimulus changes that follow a behavior

Antecedents/consequences

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14
Q

Functional stimulus class

A

The effect of a he stimulus on the behavior

Like hearing a buzz May mean you have a text message

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15
Q

Automaticity

A

Product of natural learning
A person doesn’t have to know what a consequence means for it to work

Operant conditioning occurs automatically

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16
Q

Automatic reinforcement AKAs

A

Sensory
Self stimulatory
Stereotypy

A=a
Auto=alone

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17
Q

Positive reinforcement

What type???

A

Type 1

Presentation of the stimulus Increases future frequency of behavior

Sr+

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18
Q

Positive punishment

What type??

A

Type 1

Decreases future frequency of behavior

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19
Q

Negative reinforcement

What type?

A

Type 2
Removal of stimulus Increases future frequency of behavior
Sr-

Tylenol for a headache

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20
Q

Negative punishment

What type

A

Type 2

Decreases future frequency of behavior

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21
Q

Behavior contrast

A

When the rate of responding to a stimulus in one setting changes when the condition of reinforcement in the other setting gets modified

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22
Q

5 types of positive reinforcers

A

EATSS

Edible 
Activity 
Tangible 
Social 
Sensory
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23
Q

2 types of negative reinforcement

A

Escape

Avoidance

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24
Q

Escape

A

Response that stops an ongoing aversive stimulus

Walking out of a boring movie
Pull foot out of hot water

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25
Q

Avoidance

A

More common than escape

Prevents or postpones presentation of stimulus

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26
Q

2 types of avoidance

A

Discriminated avoidance

Free operant avoidance

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27
Q

Discriminated avoidance

A

Signal prevents onset of a stimulus
Warning or signal

Checking traffic before getting on interstate

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28
Q

Free operant avoidance

A

No warning
You just decide not to take interstate
Your avoidance was few to happen at any time

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29
Q

Unconditioned reinforcer/reinforcement

Aka

A

UCR
Primary reinforcer
Unlearned reinforcer

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30
Q

Unconditioned reinforcer/reinforcement

A

No learning history required

Stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior without pairing

Phylogeny (genetics)

Food water

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31
Q

Conditioned reinforcer/reinforcement

AKAs

A

CR
Secondary reinforcer
Learned reinforcer

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32
Q

Conditioned reinforcer/reinforcement

A

When neutral stimulus squires ability as a reinforcer through stimulus stimulus pairing

Ontogeny (learned)

Tone presented when you get food- the tone then becomes CR

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33
Q

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

Aka

A

Generalized reinforcer

GCSR

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34
Q

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

A

Type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers

GCSRs are likely to be reinforcing at any time

Like money
Like praise

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35
Q

Punishment AKAs

A

Sd-

Sdp

Sp

Punishment based Sd

36
Q

Punishment

A

Decreases future frequency of similar responses

It’s not what it looks like but what it does to the behavior that matters - defined by function, not topography

*effects of punishment can be temporary

37
Q

Aversive stimulus

A

Unpleasant stimulus

38
Q

5 types of positive punishment

A

ROSER

Reprimand 
Overcorrection
Shock
Exercise 
Response blocking
39
Q

Overcorrection- 2 types

A

Restitutional overcorrection- pick up what you messed up but also more

Positive practice overcorrection- repeat the correct form of the behavior over and over for a certain amount of time/number of times

40
Q

Negative punishment akas

A

Type 2 punishment
Penalty principal
Penalty contingent

41
Q

Response cost - 2 types

A

BF

Bonus response cost- give additional contingent reinforcers and then take those away

We get 15 mins on play ground- I give an extra 15 mins today and then those would be the minutes I would take back from the client

Direct Fines- direct loss of free time
You lose 5 mins of free time

42
Q

Time out AKAs

A

Time out from positive reinforcement

43
Q

Two times of time outs

A

Non exclusionary and exclusionary time out

44
Q

Negative punishment procedures

A

Response cost and time out

45
Q

Non exclusionary time out

A

The individual isis not removed from the space

Preferred since it’s less restrictive

46
Q

4 types of non exclusionary time out

A

IWOR

I wor a ribbon

Ignore/planned ignoring

Withdraw of a specific positive reinforcer

Observation/contingent observation

Ribbon/time out ribbon - colored band around wrist- ribbon on = can earn reinforcement
Ribbon off = can’t earn reinforcement

47
Q

Exclusionary time out

A

Individual is removed from space

48
Q

3 types of exclusionary time out

A

RPH

Room/time out room (outside of normal environment)

Partition time out (remains in room but view is restricted by wall/partition

Hallway- sits out in the hall

49
Q

Positive punishment vs. negative reinforcement

A

Positive punishment = aversive event is added

Negative reinforcement= aversive event is removed

50
Q

Unconditioned punishers/punishment

Aka

A

UCPs

Primary punishers

Unlearned punishers

51
Q

Unconditioned punishers/punishment

A

No learning history required

Decreases the frequency of the behavior

Example- loud noise, hot temperature

52
Q

Conditioned punishers/punishments

AKAs

A

CPs

Secondary punishers

Learned punishers

53
Q

Conditioned punishers/punishment

A

Previously neutral stimulus now functions as a punisher because of pairing

Product of ontogeny

Tone paired with shock makes tone conditioned punisher

54
Q

Generalized conditioned punishers

A

Type of conditioned punisher that has been purée with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers

Examples - no, don’t do that
Social disapproval’s- head shakes, scowls, etc…

55
Q

Verbal analog conditioning

A

Verbal pairing procedure where a neutral stimuli can become conditioning punishers or reinforcers without direct pairing

Example- yellow pieces of paper mean something- so now we all try to earn yellow pieces of paper

56
Q

Extinction aka

A

EXT

Operant extinction

57
Q

Extinction

A

Behavior is still happening, but there is no reinforcement given

Goal is behavior decreases due to lack of reinforcement for

58
Q

Extinction burst

A

Immediate increase in the frequency of responding when extinction is initially implemented

59
Q

Operant extinction

A

Withholding reinforcement when the behavior occurs

60
Q

Respondent extinction

A

Unpairing of a conditioned stimulus abs unconditioned stimulus

61
Q

Stimulus control

A

Responses are reinforced only in the presence of a specific stimulus

Like phone rings and answer phone

Door bell rings- would you answer the phone???

62
Q

Masking

A

Stimulus has acquired stimulus control but something is blocking the evocative function of the stimulus

Ex. I know the answers, but won’t answer with people around

63
Q

Overshadowing

A

Presence of one stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of stimulus control by another stimulus

Watching band practice outside window instead of learning math

64
Q

Discriminative stimulus

Sd

A

Stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type BA e. We. Reinforcer and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred but not been reinforced

Waiter is Sd for drinks
No waiter, no drinks

65
Q

Stimulus Delta

A

Stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past

66
Q

Stimulus generalization

A

Example mommy in presence of mommy but also in presence of other women

Stimuli share stimuli at physical properties

67
Q

Stimulus discrimination

A

Saying mommy only for mommy

Tight degree of stimulus control

68
Q

Generalized gradient aka

A

Stimulus generalization gradient

69
Q

Generalization gradient

A

The gradient shows the relative degree of stimulus generalization and stimulus control

Flat slope little stimulus control
Increasing slope more stimulus control

70
Q

Concept

A

Concept is not mentalist
It is a product of both stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination

Concept of green

71
Q

Conditional discrimination

A

A form of complex stimulus control in which the role of one discriminative stimulus is conditional on the presence of other discriminative stimulus

4 term contingency
Conditional stimuli -> antecedent stimuli -> response ->consequence

Ex. In USA you make the c sign with fingers which means peace- but in another country the same sign means F off… your response to this sign Varys depending on county

72
Q

2 types of matching to sample

A

Identity - which is picture to picture - baby to baby

Symbolic - match word baby to picture of baby

73
Q

Stimulus equivalence

A

The emergence of accurate responding to in-trained and non-reinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of response to some stimulus-stimulus relations

A=B. B=c. Then a=c

74
Q

Reflexivity

A

A=A

Picture of baby to picture of baby

75
Q

Symmetry

A

A=B. B= A

Picture of baby to written word baby

76
Q

Transitivity

A

A=B. B=C therefore C=A

C to A needs to have never been trained

A= Picture of baby

B=written word baby

C= To spoken word baby

77
Q

Equivalence class

A

Is formed is all stimuli in that set are reflexive, symmetrical and transitive

78
Q

Rule governed behavior

A

Aka- rule governance
Rule control
Rules

Verbal description of a behavioral contingency

Reinforcers are often delayed

79
Q

Contingency shaped behavior

A

AKA contingency control

When a behavior is directly controlled by a contingency, not rules

80
Q

Motivating operations

MO

A

MOs alters (increases/decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus and alters (increases/decreases) the frequency of the behavior

MO= MOment

81
Q

2 types of MOs

A

Establishing operations

Abolishing operations

82
Q

Establishing operations

A

MO that increases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer, makes it more desirable

Value altering and behavior altering effect (evocative)

83
Q

Abolishing operations

AO

A

MO that decreases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer
Makes it less desirable

Value altering effect and behavior altering effect (abative)

84
Q

UMO

Unconditioned motivating operations

A

For all organisms there are events,operations, and stimulus conditions with value altering motivating effects that are unlearned

85
Q

CMOS

Conditioned motivating operations

A

A learned relation between the nature and value of an antecedent stimulus and the nature of a response

Ex. Needing a key for a locked door

86
Q

9 UMOs for humans

A 
Food deprivation 
Water deprivation 
Sleep deprivation 
Activity deprivation 
Oxygen deprivation 
Sex deprivation 
Becoming too warm 
Becoming too cold 
Increase in pain

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