Section 11- Essentials of Firefighting

Question 1

Section 11: Firefighting __________

Answer 1

essentials

Question 2

___________ is the principle that a person can report to only one supervisor.

Answer 2

Unity of Command

Question 3

The chain of command is the pathway of responsibility from the highest level of the department to the _______

Answer 3

lowest

Question 4

_______ of control is the number of personnel one individual can effectively manage.

Answer 4

Span

Question 5

A rule of thumb in the fire service is that an officer can directly supervise __________ firefighters effectively, but the actual number varies with the situation.

Answer 5

3-7

Question 6

Division of _____ is dividing large jobs into small jobs.

Answer 6

labor

Question 7

Division of labor is necessary in the fire service for the following reasons:
 To assign responsibility
 To prevent _________ of effort
 To make specific and clear-cut assignments

Answer 7

duplication

Question 8

Division of labor is necessary in the fire service for the following reasons:
 To assign responsibility
 To prevent duplication of effort
 To make specific and clear-cut __________

Answer 8

assignments

Question 9

Traditionally, discipline as applied to organizations has been understood to mean a well-organized, adequately structured, ________ operation.

Answer 9

uniform

Question 10

In other words, discipline is setting the limits or ____________ for expected performance and enforcing them.

Answer 10

boundaries

Question 11

_______ is a guide to decision making within an organization.

Answer 11

policy

Question 12

_______ originates mostly with top management in the fire Department and points to the kinds of decisions that must be made by fire officers or other management personnel in specified situations.

Answer 12

Policy

Question 13

A _________ is a kind of formal communication closely related to policy.

Answer 13

procedure

Question 14

Whereas policy is a guide to thinking or decision-making, a procedure is a detailed guide to _________.

Answer 14

action

Question 15

Fire fighting is one of the world’s most _________ jobs, and accidents in the profession can result in costly losses – the greatest loss being the death of a firefighter.

Answer 15

dangerous

Question 16

the greatest loss being the death of a firefighter. Other losses may include lost manpower (due to injuries), damaged equipment (which is expensive to repair or replace), and ______ expenses.

Answer 16

legal

Question 17

In order to prevent these losses, it is necessary to prevent the accidents that cause them. Reducing accidents will save ______ and money.

Answer 17

lives

Question 18

Two basic factors motivate accident control efforts within the fire fighting profession: life _____and economy.

Answer 18

safety

Question 19

The life safety factor, while interrelated with economics, stems from the natural desire to prevent needless suffering from physical pain or ___________stress.

Answer 19

emotional

Question 20

The economic factor includes legal expenses and expenses caused by the loss of manpower, _______ , equipment, tools, property, or systems.

Answer 20

apparatus

Question 21

Firefighters have traditionally accepted injuries and related losses as part of their _________.

Answer 21

vocation

Question 22

owing their job to be one of the most hazardous, many firefighters are resigned to ____________ accidents, injured, and fatalities; this is compounded by the stereotypical image of the firefighter as heroic and fearless in the face of danger.

Answer 22

occupational

Question 23

Most firefighter injuries, however, are a direct result of preventable accidents. The firefighter should be too smart and too ___________ to take unnecessary risks.

Answer 23

professional

Question 24

NFPA______, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, contains the minimum requirements and procedures for safety and health program.

Answer 24

1500

Question 25

It calls up on the fire department to recognize safety and health as official objectives of the department and to provide as safe and __________ a work environment as possible.

Answer 25

healthy

Question 26

The administration’s attitude toward safety invariably reflected in the _______ of the supervising officers, which in turn affects firefighters.

Answer 26

attitude

Question 27

Prevent damage/_____ of equipment.

Answer 27

loss

Question 28

Reduces the incidence and severity of accidents and _________ exposures.

Answer 28

hazardous

Question 29

Breaking bad habits will not be easy for some, and once the new procedures are established, everyone must maintain them. If not, people will _____ back to the old procedures.

Answer 29

revert

Question 30

__________ is the transition between the growth and the fully developed fire stages and is not a specific event such as ignition.

Answer 30

Flashover

Question 31

While scientists define flashover in many ways, most base their definition on the temperature in a compartment that results in the simultaneous ignition of all of the _______ contents in the space.

Answer 31

combustible

Question 32

While no exact temperature is associated with this occurrence, a range from approximately 900 F to _____ F is widely used.

Answer 32

1,200

Question 33

This range correlates with the ignition temperature of ___________ (CO) (1,128F), one of the most common gases given off from pyrolysis.

Answer 33

carbon monoxide

Question 34

As flashover occurs, the combustible materials in the compartment and the gases given off from pyrolysis ignite. The result is ___-_______ involvement.

Answer 34

full-room

Question 35

Firefighters operating at fires in buildings must use care when opening a building to gain entry or to provide __________ ventilation (opening doors or windows).

Answer 35

horizontal

Question 36

The Law of __________ of Mass tells us that any mass lost converts to energy. In the case of fire, this energy is in the form of light and heat. Burning also results in the generations of airborne fire gases, particles, and liquids.

Answer 36

Conservation

Question 37

In addition to being responsible for the spread of a fire, heat also causes burns, dehydrations, __________ , and injury to a person’s respiratory tract.

Answer 37

heat exhaustion

Question 38

__________ or asphyxiant gases are those products of combustion that cause central nervous system depression, which results in reduced awareness, intoxication, and can lead to loss of consciousness and death.

Answer 38

Narcotic

Question 39

The most common narcotic gases found in smoke are carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ___________ (CO2).

Answer 39

carbon dioxide

Question 40

Irritants in smoke are those substances that cause breathing discomfort (pulmonary irritants) and inflammation of the eyes, _____________, and skin (sensory irritants).

Answer 40

respiratory tract

Question 41

The most common of the hazardous substances contained in smoke is ____________.

Answer 41

carbon monoxide

Question 42

__________ is the visible, luminous body of a burning gas.

Answer 42

Flame

Question 43

When a burning gas is mixed with the proper amounts of oxygen, the flame becomes hotter and less ______.

Answer 43

luminous

Question 44

For these reasons, flame is considered to be a product of combustion. Of course, it is not present in those types of combustion that do not produce a flame such as _____________ fires.

Answer 44

smoldering