Section 1

Question 1

Serum

Answer 1

fluid portion of coagulated blood

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

fluid portion of anti-coagulated blood

Question 3

Potential Sources of Error in CBC

Answer 3

1. Hemolysis: Shaking, Needle too small, Forcing blood into tube, H2O in syringe, spun too long or fast, froze & thawed
2. Clot: Not mixed gently or thoroughly, traumatic venipuncture, “dinking” around, increased fibrinogen levels, low EDTA to high blood levels

Question 4

Cellular Components of Blood

Answer 4

RBC: Oxygen transport
WBC: Defense/ Immunity
Platelets: Clot

Question 5

Total Protein

Answer 5

increments of .2 measured on refractometer in grams/dl

Question 6

Packed Cell Volume

Answer 6

% of RBCs in a quantity of blood

Question 7

Normal Plasma color

Answer 7

clear to straw

Question 8

Abnormal Plasma colors

Answer 8

Red: Hemolytic- Shaking, needle too small,
White: Limpemic- Post meal, hypothyroid, diabetes
Yellow: Icteric- biliary stasis, carotenes, hemolysis

Question 9

Wright’s Stain

Answer 9

Jar #1: Wright’s Stain (1-3 min)
Jar #2: Buffer with 1 pipette of Wright’s (1min)
Jar #3: Distilled H2O (7-10, 1sec. dips)

Question 10

Dif Quick

Answer 10

Jar #1: Fixative (5, 1sec. dips)
Jar #2: Eosinophilic (5, 1sec. dips)
Jar #3: Basophilic (7-10, 1sec. dips)

Question 11

Monocyte

Answer 11

Irregularly shaped nucleus, lacy chromatin, Blue/Gray cytoplasm that may contain vacuoles, low to equal N:C ratio (small nucleus)

Question 12

Lymphocyte

Answer 12

Round to oval nucleus may have cleft or “bleb” smudged chromatin, light to grey blue cytoplasm, high N:C ratio (big nucleus)

Question 13

Agranulocytes

Answer 13

No granules in cytoplasm, 2 types Mono & Lymphocyte

Question 14

Basophil

Answer 14

dark, dense, segmented nucleus, granules stain blue
Dog, horse, cow: inconsistent “pepper” sprinkles
Cat: uniform round, pale blue

Question 15

Eosinophil

Answer 15

Dark, dense, segmented nucleus, pinkish granules 
Dog: go by nucleus & color
Cat: small, uniform rod shapes
Cow: small, uniform circles
Horse: large, uniform circles

Question 16

Neutrophil

Answer 16

have neutral stain on granules
dark, dense, segmented nucleus
no color in granules except for cow, which are dusty purple/grey called Segs

Question 17

Granulocyte

Answer 17

have granules in cytoplasm, elongated dark, dense, segmented nucleus with dark chromatin

Question 18

3 Types of Granulocytes

Answer 18

Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil

Question 19

Hypovolemia

Answer 19

decreased blood volume due to blood loss or dehydration

• trauma, surgery, worms, arterial bleeding
• Pale MM, decreased temp, lethargic, increased CRT, tachycardia

Question 20

Acellular component of blood

Answer 20

Albumin: maintains oncotic pressure

Question 21

Fluid portion of blood

Answer 21

Water: transport, perfusion, thermostat regulation, chemical reactions, solvent

Question 22

Dissolved Substances in blood (10)

Answer 22

Globulins- defense 
Electrolytes- H2O regulation, homeostasis
Hormones- ^ & action potentials 
Enzymes- catalysts 
Clotting Factors- maintain homeostasis 
Vitamins- maintain homeostasis 
Minerals- maintain homeostasis 
Waste- byproducts of metabolism
Gases- maintain homeostasis 
Glucose- energy

Question 23

WBC distribution (K9 & Feline)

Answer 23

Neutro: 55-85%
Lymph: 15-45%
Mono/Eos: 0-5%
Basos: RARE!

Question 24

WBC distribution (horses)

Answer 24

Neutro & Lymph: 50;50%
Monos & Eos: 0-5%
Basos: RARE!

Question 25

WBC distribution (cows)

Answer 25

Lymph: 55-85%
Neutro: 15-45%
Monos & Eos: 0-5%
Basos: RARE!

Question 26

Normal RBC (K9)

Answer 26

5-10 (X 10^6)ul

Question 27

Normal RBC (Feline)

Answer 27

5-11 (X 10^6)ul

Question 28

Normal PCV (K9)

Answer 28

37-55%

Question 29

Normal PCV (Feline)

Answer 29

30-45%

Question 30

Normal TP (K9)

Answer 30

5.0-7.0 g/dl

Question 31

Normal TP (feline)

Answer 31

5.0-8.0 g/dl