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Hematology -Tammy S. > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What instrument is used to measure plasma proteins?

A

Refractometer

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2
Q

Refractometers are accurate to the nearest ___

A

0.2g/dl

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3
Q

Blue Ring capillary tube

A

Nothing

PCV/TP from LTT

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4
Q

Red Top Tube

A

Nothing

Biochems

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5
Q

Green Top Tube

A

Heparin

Blood gases

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6
Q

Blue Top Tube

A

Na Citrate

Coag studies

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7
Q

Gray Top Tube

A

Oxalate

Blood glucose

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8
Q

Red ring capillary tube

A

Heparin

PCV/TP direct from pt

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9
Q

Purple Top Tube

A

EDTA

CBC

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10
Q

Most common cause of error in hematology is

A

not mixing

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11
Q

T/F: A retic count is indicated to determine the bone marrows response to anemia in the horse

A

False

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12
Q

PCV & TP in a Hemorrhage pt

A

decreased PCV, decreased TP

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13
Q

PCV &TP in Dehydrated pt.

A

increased PCV, increased TP

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14
Q

PCV & TP in Hemolysis

A

decreased PCV, increased TP

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15
Q

PCV & TP in liver failure

A

normal PCV, decreased TP

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16
Q

PCV & TP in renal failure

A

decreased PCV, increased, decreased, or normal TP

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17
Q

3 mechanisms for absolute hypoproteinemia & example

A

Decreased production- Liver failure
Increased loss- Hemorrhage
Decreased consumption- Starvation

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18
Q

3 morphologic differences between avian and mammalian blood?

A

Heteros-Segs
Thrombocytes-Platelets
Polychrom. Common- Poly Uncommon

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19
Q

What are the 3 functions of platelets

A

Adhere
Aggregate
Secrete

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20
Q

Why do we stage tumors?

A

prognosis & treatment

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21
Q

What are the 4 sites for bone marrow sampling?

A

Wing of ilium
Proximal humerus
Proximal femur

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22
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia & examples

A

Increased loss- Hemorrhage
Decreased production- BM toxin
Increased destruction- IMHA

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of relative polycythemia?

A

Dehydration

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24
Q

Stress leukogram cause & WBC distribution

A 
Glucocorticoids 
Neutros ^
Bands 0 
Lymphs v
Monos ^
Eos v
Basos 0 N
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25
Q

Physiologic leukogram cause & WBC distribution

A 
Epinephrine 
Neutros ^
Bands 0
Lymphs ^
Monos ^
Eos ^
Basos ^
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26
Q

Inflammation leukogram cause & WBC distribution

A 
Bacterial products
Neutros ^
Bands ^
Lymphs N
Mono ^
Eos N
Basos 0 N
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27
Q

List the abnormal colors of plasma, terms, and causes for each

A

Red-Hemolyic-Shaking
Yellow-Icteric-Biliary stasis
White-Lipemic-Post Prandial

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28
Q

T/F: Petechiae, ecchymosis, and mucosal bleeding are clinical signs of primary hemostatic disorders

A

True

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29
Q

The main cause of bleeding disorders in dogs is

A

Thrombocytopenia

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30
Q

List the 4 criteria for toxic change in neutrophils

A

Vacuoles in cytoplasm
Dohle bodies
Azurophilic granules
Diffuse basophilic cytoplasm

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31
Q

Neutrophil

A

Granulocyte
Allergy
May be toxic

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32
Q

Basophil

A

Granulocyte

Anaphylaxis

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33
Q

Eosinophil

A

Granulocyte
Allergy
Antiparasite

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34
Q

Monocyte

A

Recycles RBCs and WBCs

Agranulocyte

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35
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Agranlocyte
May be reactive
Antibody production

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36
Q

Platelet

A

Neovascularization
May be reactive
Primary hemostasis

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37
Q

Erythrocyte

A

O2 transport

Nucleated in birds

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38
Q

what are the 2 clotting factors that are the primary components of the extrinsic pathway

A

Tissue thromboplastin & VII

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39
Q

T/F: Hematomas and blood in body cavities are common signs of secondary hemostatic disorders

A

Trues

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40
Q

List 3 factors that are secreted from or are produced by platelets and give a function for each

A

TXA - vasoconstriction
PF3- stimulates coag. cascade
vWF & VIII- promotes aggregation

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41
Q

an ______ venipuncture is necessary to avoid introduction of tissue ____ in your sample when collecting samples for coag studies

A

Atraumatic

thromboplastin

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42
Q

List 3 mechanisms for thrombocytopenia and one example of each

A

Increase loss - Hemorrhage
Decreased production - BM toxin
Increased destruction - IM thrombocytopenia

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43
Q

Red Top Tube contents and pathways

A

Biochemistries

Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Common

44
Q

Blue Top Tube contents and pathways

A 
Primary hemostasis 
Citrate 
Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Common
vonWillebrand's factor 
must be full
45
Q

Diatomaceous Earth Tube

A

Must be full

ACT

46
Q

Purple Top Tube contents, use and hemostasis type

A

EDTA
CBC
Platelet counts
Primary Hemostasis

47
Q

Tissue thromboplastin activates the ____ limb of the coagulation cascade

48
Q

VonWillebrand’s Dz is a ____ disease

49
Q

Primary Hemostasis Disease and test used to diagnose

A

Thrombopathia - BMBT

50
Q

Secondary Hemostasis Disease and test used to diagnose

51
Q

Fibrinolysis disease and test used to diagnose

52
Q

Major crossmatch

A

2 drops donor RBC suspension

2 drops receipt plasma

53
Q

Minor crossmatch

A

2 drops donor plasma

2 drops receipt RBC suspension

54
Q

Control crossmatch

A

2 drops donor plasma & RBC suspension

55
Q

End point observations of crossmatching

A

Hemolysis

Agglutination

56
Q

Domestic cat blood type

57
Q

Exotic cat blood type

58
Q

Why exotic cats must be crossmatched

A

because they have a natural occurring anti A antibody

59
Q

How much blood can a dog donate and how often?

A

10ml/lb

3 weeks

60
Q

The preferred canine donor blood type is ___ which means they are lacking ___ antigens

A

A-

1.1, 1.2, 7

61
Q

2 major categories of transfusion reactions and one cause of each

A

Non-Immunologic - Sepsis

Immunologic- delayed hypersensitivity

62
Q

anticoagulant or anticoag & preservative?

Acid Citrate Dextrose

63
Q

anticoagulant or anticoag & preservative?

Heparin

64
Q

anticoagulant or anticoag & preservative?

3.8% sodium citrate

65
Q

Citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine

66
Q

What blood collection chemical has the longest shelf life?

How long is the shelf life?

A

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose with Adenine

35 days

67
Q

What is the name of the product which delivers hemoglobin to the patient without the use of cells?
What are 2 advantages?

A

Oxyglobin
2 year shelf life
no transfusion reactions

68
Q

What cell can dohle bodies happen in?

A

Neutrophils

69
Q

What cells can have basophilic staining or cytoplasm

A

Neutro
Lymphs
Erythrocytes
Platelets

70
Q

What cells can have heinz bodies?

A

Erythrocytes

71
Q

What cells can have vacuolization

A

Neutros
Lymphs
Platelets

72
Q

What cells can have Howell-Jolly Bodies

A

Erythrocytes

73
Q

What cells can have Leptocytes

A

Erythrocytes

74
Q

What cells can have Target cells

A

Erythrocytes

75
Q

What cells can be reactive?

A

Platelets

Lymphs

76
Q

What cells can be toxic?

A

Neutrophils

77
Q

Preferred blood component for hemorrhagic shock pt

A

Whole blood

78
Q

Preferred blood component for normovolemic anemic

A

Packed RBC

79
Q

Preferred blood component for anemic with heart failure

A

Packed RBC

80
Q

Preferred blood component for hypoproteinemic

81
Q

Preferred blood component for Warfarin intoxication, nonanemic

82
Q

Preferred blood component for vonWillebrand’s Dz

A

Cryopercipitate

83
Q

What should be done to the recipient prior to a blood transfusion?

A

Crossmatch
CRT
TRP

84
Q

What blood component has a 72 hour shelf life and isnt refrigerated

A

Platelet rich plasma

85
Q

List in order the maturation series of the cell that forms platelets

A

Pleurapotential stem cell
Megakaryoblast
Promegakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte

86
Q

What are the 3 components of hemostasis

A

Primary
Secondary
Fibrinolysis

87
Q

What are the factors of the intrinsic pathway?

A

12, 11, 9, 8

88
Q

What are the 2 factors of the extrinsic pathway?

A

tissue thromboplastin & 7

89
Q

What are the vit. K dependent facotrs?

A

2, 7, 9, 10

90
Q

What occurs in the common pathway?

A

prothrombin to thrombin, fibrinogen to fibrin

91
Q

What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis?

A

Vascular & platelet plug

92
Q

What starts fibrinolysis?

A

Plasminogen

93
Q

What is the by-product of fibrinolysis?

94
Q

List the order of maturation for the lymphocyte

A

Resting memory cell
Lymphoblast
Prolymphocyte
Lymphocyte

95
Q

List the order of maturation for the monocyte

A

PPSC
Monoblast
Promonocyte
Monocyte

96
Q

List the order of maturation for the neutrophil

A 
PPSC
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band
Mature Seg
97
Q

List the oder of maturation for the erythrocyte

A 
PPSC
Rubriblast
Prorubricyte
Rubricyte
Metarubricyte 
Polychromatophil
Mature RBC
98
Q

What observation must be made on the FE of the blood film to accurately interpret a platelet count? Why?

99
Q

What needle is used for a bone marrow aspirate?
parts of this needle
anticoagulant used

A

Rosenthal
Needle & stylet
EDTA

100
Q

Needle used for BM core biopsy & parts

A

Jam Shidi

Cap, Needle, Stylet, Stylet hook

101
Q

Normal MCV ranges

A

dog- 60-70fl

cat- 39-55fl

102
Q

Normal PCV ranges

A

dog- 37-55%

cat- 30-45%

103
Q

Normal MCHC ranges

104
Q

Normal platelet ranges

A

200,000-500,000

105
Q

Normal TP ranges

A

dog- 5.0-7.0 g/dl

cat- 5.0-8.0 g/dl

Hematology -Tammy S. (9 decks)

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