Section 1

Question 1

What are the five layers of the capillary membranes?

Answer 1

Type I, Type II, alveolar basement membrane, capillary basement membrane, and capillary endothelium

Question 2

Primary function of the respiratory system

Answer 2

to provide for gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood

Question 3

What has to happen first? ventilation/Oxygenation

Answer 3

ventilation must occur before oxygenation can take place.

Question 4

Which type of epithelium is very thin and allows gas exchange?

Answer 4

simple squamos epithelium

Question 5

What is the function of the nose?

Answer 5

to filter, heat, and humidify

Question 6

What is considered the accessory respiratory passage?

Answer 6

The Oral cavity

Question 7

How many divisions are there of the pharynx/what are they?

Answer 7

there are three. nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 8

what is the corect term for a nose bleed?

Answer 8

epistaxis

Question 9

stridor

Answer 9

the “barking” sound that someone makes who has croup

Question 10

croup

Answer 10

common infection of the upper airway that occurs mainly in children

Question 11

What is the rule of thumb for the diameter of the trachea?

Answer 11

about the same diameter as your index finger

Question 12

Conducting airways

Answer 12

airways that do not have any alveoli and do not participate in any gas exchange.

Question 13

how many conducting airways are there?

Answer 13

7

Question 14

List of conducting airways

Answer 14

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, and terminal bronchiole

Question 15

List of the respiratory areas

Answer 15

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Question 16

where are goblet cells found

Answer 16

above the vocal cords

Question 17

Goblet cells

Answer 17

Produce fluid when irritated. Think runny nose from allergies.

Question 18

Where does internal respiration begin in the airway pathway?

Answer 18

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 19

where does the conducting airways stop?

Answer 19

terminal bronchioles

Question 20

Parameters of the laryngopharynx

Answer 20

Hyoid bone to the esophagus

Question 21

Where does internal respiration begin?

Answer 21

respiratory bronchioles

Question 22

What is the Acinus made up of?

Answer 22

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

Question 23

when mast cells break down, what is released?

Answer 23

histamines, leukotrines, ECF-A and PAF. Histamines are most pronounced in asthma attacks**

Question 24

Which type of cells are found in the trachea?

Answer 24

spuedostratified columnar epithelium. Absent starting at the respiratory bronchioles.

Question 25

Where are the coronary arteries located?

Answer 25

At the root of the aorta.

Question 26

Which type of cells produce surfactant and where are they located?

Answer 26

Located inside the alveoli, Type II cells produce surfactant which helps keep them from collapsing

Question 27

What are Type I cells?

Answer 27

They are made of simple squamos cells which are very thin to allow for gas exchange to take place in the alveoli.

Question 28

Type III cells

Answer 28

Called macrophages. They help 'clean' your lungs.

Question 29

Where is the carina located?

Answer 29

located where the trachea bifurcates. | ****Very sensitive, will trigger coughing reflex.

Question 30

What can you use as a trick to help find the carina on someone?

Answer 30

Using the Angle of Louis

Question 31

How many parts make up the sternum?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

Parts of the sternum

Answer 32

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

Question 33

What are the 4 structures found in the mediastinum

Answer 33

Heart, trachea and main stems, great vessels, and esophagus

Question 34

Chief pathway for clearance of particles in the upper airway

Answer 34

Mucocilliary escalator

Question 35

Innervation for the diaphragm

Answer 35

Phrenic nerves C3-C5

Question 36

Innervation of the upper accessory muscles

Answer 36

C2-C5

Question 37

Intercostal muscle innervation

Answer 37

T1-T7

Question 38

Abdominal muscle innervation

Answer 38

T7-T12

Question 39

What does the diaphragm help with what type of ventilation?

Answer 39

passive respiration

Question 40

active or exercise respiration is aided by what structures?

Answer 40

Upper accessory muscles and intercostal muscles

Question 41

What do the abdominal muscles do in relation to ventilation?

Answer 41

coughing and forced exhaling

Question 42

Primary muscles of ventilation

Answer 42

only the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Question 43

How does oxygenated blood get to the heart muscle tissue?

Answer 43

Via the coronary arteries which are found at the root of the aorta

Question 44

Type of tissue in the trachea

Answer 44

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 45

How many ribs are there?

Answer 45

12 ribs including true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs.

Question 46

True ribs

Answer 46

Actually attach to the sternum, includes the first 7 ribs

Question 47

False ribs

Answer 47

ribs 8,9,10

Question 48

Two types of pleura

Answer 48

parietal and visceral

Question 49

where is the pleura found

Answer 49

the parietal lines the thoracic cavity, while the visceral lines the lungs (and heart)

Question 50

Pleura function

Answer 50

to decrease friction between the two layers while expanding and deflating while breathing. thin fluid is produced between the lungs to help with this