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CardioPulmonary > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five layers of the capillary membranes?

A

Type I, Type II, alveolar basement membrane, capillary basement membrane, and capillary endothelium

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2
Q

Primary function of the respiratory system

A

to provide for gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood

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3
Q

What has to happen first? ventilation/Oxygenation

A

ventilation must occur before oxygenation can take place.

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4
Q

Which type of epithelium is very thin and allows gas exchange?

A

simple squamos epithelium

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5
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

to filter, heat, and humidify

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6
Q

What is considered the accessory respiratory passage?

A

The Oral cavity

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7
Q

How many divisions are there of the pharynx/what are they?

A

there are three. nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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8
Q

what is the corect term for a nose bleed?

A

epistaxis

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9
Q

stridor

A

the “barking” sound that someone makes who has croup

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10
Q

croup

A

common infection of the upper airway that occurs mainly in children

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11
Q

What is the rule of thumb for the diameter of the trachea?

A

about the same diameter as your index finger

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12
Q

Conducting airways

A

airways that do not have any alveoli and do not participate in any gas exchange.

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13
Q

how many conducting airways are there?

A

7

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14
Q

List of conducting airways

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, and terminal bronchiole

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15
Q

List of the respiratory areas

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

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16
Q

where are goblet cells found

A

above the vocal cords

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17
Q

Goblet cells

A

Produce fluid when irritated. Think runny nose from allergies.

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18
Q

Where does internal respiration begin in the airway pathway?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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19
Q

where does the conducting airways stop?

A

terminal bronchioles

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20
Q

Parameters of the laryngopharynx

A

Hyoid bone to the esophagus

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21
Q

Where does internal respiration begin?

A

respiratory bronchioles

22
Q

What is the Acinus made up of?

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

23
Q

when mast cells break down, what is released?

A

histamines, leukotrines, ECF-A and PAF. Histamines are most pronounced in asthma attacks**

24
Q

Which type of cells are found in the trachea?

A

spuedostratified columnar epithelium. Absent starting at the respiratory bronchioles.

25
Q

Where are the coronary arteries located?

A

At the root of the aorta.

26
Q

Which type of cells produce surfactant and where are they located?

A

Located inside the alveoli, Type II cells produce surfactant which helps keep them from collapsing

27
Q

What are Type I cells?

A

They are made of simple squamos cells which are very thin to allow for gas exchange to take place in the alveoli.

28
Q

Type III cells

A

Called macrophages. They help ‘clean’ your lungs.

29
Q

Where is the carina located?

A

located where the trachea bifurcates.

**Very sensitive, will trigger coughing reflex.

30
Q

What can you use as a trick to help find the carina on someone?

A

Using the Angle of Louis

31
Q

How many parts make up the sternum?

A

3

32
Q

Parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

33
Q

What are the 4 structures found in the mediastinum

A

Heart, trachea and main stems, great vessels, and esophagus

34
Q

Chief pathway for clearance of particles in the upper airway

A

Mucocilliary escalator

35
Q

Innervation for the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerves C3-C5

36
Q

Innervation of the upper accessory muscles

A

C2-C5

37
Q

Intercostal muscle innervation

A

T1-T7

38
Q

Abdominal muscle innervation

A

T7-T12

39
Q

What does the diaphragm help with what type of ventilation?

A

passive respiration

40
Q

active or exercise respiration is aided by what structures?

A

Upper accessory muscles and intercostal muscles

41
Q

What do the abdominal muscles do in relation to ventilation?

A

coughing and forced exhaling

42
Q

Primary muscles of ventilation

A

only the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

43
Q

How does oxygenated blood get to the heart muscle tissue?

A

Via the coronary arteries which are found at the root of the aorta

44
Q

Type of tissue in the trachea

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

45
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12 ribs including true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs.

46
Q

True ribs

A

Actually attach to the sternum, includes the first 7 ribs

47
Q

False ribs

A

ribs 8,9,10

48
Q

Two types of pleura

A

parietal and visceral

49
Q

where is the pleura found

A

the parietal lines the thoracic cavity, while the visceral lines the lungs (and heart)

50
Q

Pleura function

A

to decrease friction between the two layers while expanding and deflating while breathing. thin fluid is produced between the lungs to help with this

CardioPulmonary (24 decks)

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