Secondary Haemostasis Flashcards
What are the two pathways of secondary Haemostasis
Extrinsic - tissue factor
Intrinsic - contact activation
What is Secondary Haemostasis
A cascade of reactions where clotting factors activate one another leading to the formation of fibrin
True or false, deficiency of the factors involved in the activation pathway causes bleeding disorders
False, they don’t
Which tissue factor generates thrombin
Tissue factor pathway
What four intrinsic collagen factors contribute to the clotting mechanism
XII, XI, IX, VIII
What extrinsic factor contributes to the clotting mechanism
VII, tissue thromboplastin (III)
What intrinsic and extrinsic factors both contributes to the clotting factor
X and V
The production of thrombin, facilitates the conversion of ________ to ________
Fibrinogen to Fibrin
_________ from endothelial Cells convert plasminogen to plasmin
Tissue plasminogen activators (tPA)
Plasmin breaks down fibrin into ______
Soluble fibrin degradation products (FDPs)
What is included in the intrinsic activation of converting plasminogen to plasmin
Factor XIIa
Kallikrein
What is included in the extrinsic activation of converting plasminogen to plasmin
tPA
Urokinase-like A
What enzyme is used in the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
Streptokinase
What are the primary inhibitors of hemeostasis
I. Naturally occurring
II. Artificial
Prostacyclin, nitric oxide (naturally occurring )
Aspirin (artificial)
What are the secondary inhibitors if hemostasis
Anti thrombin III, heparin, tissue factor inhibitor
What are the tertiary inhibitors of Haemostasis
Thrombin-activated fibrinolytic inhibitor (TAFI)
Plasminogen-activated inhibitor (PAI)
Alpha 2 anti plasmin
What substance binds to thrombomodulin and combines with protein S to degrade Va and VIIa
Protein C
What substance inhibits excessive fibrin formation
Plasmin
What Haemostasic inhibitor, activates antithrobin III which then forms complexes with ________ such a ______, therefore inactivating then
Heparin, activated serine protease coagulation Factors, thrombin Xa, IXabad XIa
Which anticoagulant chelate Ca2+
EDTA
Citrate
Which anticoagulant is an inhibit clotting enzyme
Heparin
What anticoagulant inhibits glycolysis
Fluoride
What anticoagulant is used in in vivo and in vitro
Heparin
What is heparin therapy monitored by
Partial prothrombin time
How does coumarin exhibit anticoagulant effects
Prevents thromboembolic events
Which anticoagulant is a Vit K antagonist
Coumarin
Which anticoagulant is used only in invivo
Coumarin
What is coumarin therapy monitored by
PT - Prothrombin time
How do chelating agents exhibit anticoagulant characteristics
Removes calcium from the blood
Give examples of chelating agents
Oxalates, citrates
