Secondary Haemostasis

Question 1

What are the two pathways of secondary Haemostasis

Answer 1

Extrinsic - tissue factor

Intrinsic - contact activation

Question 2

What is Secondary Haemostasis

Answer 2

A cascade of reactions where clotting factors activate one another leading to the formation of fibrin

Question 3

True or false, deficiency of the factors involved in the activation pathway causes bleeding disorders

Answer 3

False, they don’t

Question 4

Which tissue factor generates thrombin

Answer 4

Tissue factor pathway

Question 5

What four intrinsic collagen factors contribute to the clotting mechanism

Answer 5

XII, XI, IX, VIII

Question 6

What extrinsic factor contributes to the clotting mechanism

Answer 6

VII, tissue thromboplastin (III)

Question 7

What intrinsic and extrinsic factors both contributes to the clotting factor

Answer 7

X and V

Question 8

The production of thrombin, facilitates the conversion of ________ to ________

Answer 8

Fibrinogen to Fibrin

Question 9

_________ from endothelial Cells convert plasminogen to plasmin

Answer 9

Tissue plasminogen activators (tPA)

Question 10

Plasmin breaks down fibrin into ______

Answer 10

Soluble fibrin degradation products (FDPs)

Question 11

What is included in the intrinsic activation of converting plasminogen to plasmin

Answer 11

Factor XIIa

Kallikrein

Question 12

What is included in the extrinsic activation of converting plasminogen to plasmin

Answer 12

tPA

Urokinase-like A

Question 13

What enzyme is used in the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

Answer 13

Streptokinase

Question 14

What are the primary inhibitors of hemeostasis
I. Naturally occurring
II. Artificial

Answer 14

Prostacyclin, nitric oxide (naturally occurring )

Aspirin (artificial)

Question 15

What are the secondary inhibitors if hemostasis

Answer 15

Anti thrombin III, heparin, tissue factor inhibitor

Question 16

What are the tertiary inhibitors of Haemostasis

Answer 16

Thrombin-activated fibrinolytic inhibitor (TAFI)
Plasminogen-activated inhibitor (PAI)
Alpha 2 anti plasmin

Question 17

What substance binds to thrombomodulin and combines with protein S to degrade Va and VIIa

Answer 17

Protein C

Question 18

What substance inhibits excessive fibrin formation

Answer 18

Plasmin

Question 19

What Haemostasic inhibitor, activates antithrobin III which then forms complexes with ________ such a ______, therefore inactivating then

Answer 19

Heparin, activated serine protease coagulation Factors, thrombin Xa, IXabad XIa

Question 20

Which anticoagulant chelate Ca2+

Answer 20

EDTA

Citrate

Question 21

Which anticoagulant is an inhibit clotting enzyme

Answer 21

Heparin

Question 22

What anticoagulant inhibits glycolysis

Answer 22

Fluoride

Question 23

What anticoagulant is used in in vivo and in vitro

Answer 23

Heparin

Question 24

What is heparin therapy monitored by

Answer 24

Partial prothrombin time

Question 25

How does coumarin exhibit anticoagulant effects

Answer 25

Prevents thromboembolic events

Question 26

Which anticoagulant is a Vit K antagonist

Answer 26

Coumarin

Question 27

Which anticoagulant is used only in invivo

Answer 27

Coumarin

Question 28

What is coumarin therapy monitored by

Answer 28

PT - Prothrombin time

Question 29

How do chelating agents exhibit anticoagulant characteristics

Answer 29

Removes calcium from the blood

Question 30

Give examples of chelating agents

Answer 30

Oxalates, citrates