Erythropoiesis & Growth Factors

Question 1

Hormone invloved in the stimulation of eythropoiesis

Answer 1

Erythropoetein

Question 2

The name of the committed stem cell involved in the process of Erythropoiesis

Answer 2

Pronormoblast/ Proerythroblast

Question 3

Outline the maturation sequence for erythrocytes.

Answer 3

Hemocytoblast (Stem Cells), Proerythroblasts, Erythroblasts, Normoblasts, Reticulocyte, Erythrocytes

Pronormoblast (Erythroblast), Basophillic Normoblasts (Prorubricyte), Polychromatic Erythroblasts (Rubricyte), Orthochromic Normoblasts (Metarubricyte), Reticulocyte (Polychromatophillic), Mature Erythrocytes

Question 4

The name given to the movement of erythrocytes from the bone marrow and into the blood stream.

Answer 4

Diapedesis

Question 5

Name of the stem cell involved in the process of erythropoiesis.

Answer 5

Hemocytoblast

Question 6

Average life span of red blood cells

Answer 6

120 days

Question 7

How long on average do red blood cells take to fully mature?

Answer 7

4-8 days

Question 8

True or false, the process of Erythropoiesis is irreversible.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The site of Blood cell Production in 0-2 months prenatally

Answer 9

Yolk sac

Question 10

The site of Blood Cell Production in 2-7 months prenatally

Answer 10

Liver, Spleen

Question 11

The site of Blood Cell Production in 7-9 months prenatally

Answer 11

Bone Marrow

Question 12

The site of Blood cell Production in childhood

Answer 12

Bone marrow of most or all bones

Question 13

The site of Blood Cell Production in Adulthood 20>.

Answer 13

Bone Marrow of Flat Bones. (Illiac crest, skull, sternum etc)

Question 14

What macromolecule deposition causes a decrease in erythropoiesis as age progresses?

Answer 14

Fat

Question 15

The term used to describe when more RBC’s are produced than destroyed.

Answer 15

Polycythemia

Question 16

What mechanism does erythropoeitin operate with

Answer 16

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Question 17

What term is given to a decrease of oxygen in the blood which can trigger an increase in erythropoiesis

Answer 17

Hypoxia

Question 18

What cell type can be used to find the erythropoietic activity in the blood

Answer 18

Reticulocyte

Question 19

What is the name of the single class of primitive mother cell

Answer 19

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Question 20

Pluripotent Stem Cells give rise to which two series of blood cells

Answer 20

Myeloid and Lymphoid series

Question 21

What 5 characteristics develops during erythropoiesis

Answer 21

Haemoglobin Accumulation
Nuclear Condensation 
Decreased Cell Size 
Decreased mRNA
Morphologically Identifiable

Question 22

How many RBCs are made per day

Answer 22

3.5 x 10^11 Cells per day

Question 23

How many Neutrophils are made per day

Answer 23

10^11

Question 24

How many Monocytes are made per day

Answer 24

8.4 x 10^9

Question 25

How many Platelets are made per day

Answer 25

10^11

Question 26

What is the normal Hematocrit percentage in males and females

Answer 26

47, 42 respectively

Question 27

What is the normal red blood cell count in males and females

Answer 27

5.4,4.8

Question 28

What is the normal Haemoglobin Level in males and females

Answer 28

16 and 14 respectively

Question 29

Which organ is the O2 sensor located

Answer 29

Kidney

Question 30

What organ produces Erythropoietin

Answer 30

Kidney

Question 31

What part of the kidney releases erythropoietin

Answer 31

Pertibular interstitial Cells in other cortex

Question 32

What classifies as a an increased erythropoietic activity seen as Reticulocyte percentage

Answer 32

Reticulocyte greater than 2.5%

Question 33

Epic can increase blood viscosity which is a major contributor to which disease

Answer 33

Heart Disease

Question 34

Erythropoietin is used to treat what disease

Answer 34

Anaemia in relation to chronic renal failures, AIDS or cancer chemotherapy

Question 35

Epo can also lead to sudden death due to what 2 factors

Answer 35

Drastic Reduction in Heart Rate | Development of Epo Antibodies which can destroy RBCs

Question 36

What factors decreases oxygenation

Answer 36

``` Low Blood Volume Anaemia Low Haemoglobin Poor Blood Flow Pulmonary Disease ```

Question 37

What is the term given to the heterogeneous group of cytokines that stimulate the progenitor Cells and induce proliferation and maturation

Answer 37

Haemotopoietic Growth Factors

Question 38

True or False, HGF’s Are naturally occurring hormones

Answer 38

True

Question 39

True or False, HGF have a high molecular weight of glycoproteins

Answer 39

False, it is low

Question 40

True or False, HGFs have varying degrees of specificity

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True or False, RGFs are available in purified forms by DNA technology

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True or False, RGFs are responsible for stimulation and release of other growth factors and cytokines

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False, production equals destruction in erythropoiesis

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What growth factors causes the growth and proliferation of pluripotent Stem Cells into commited or progenitor Cells

Answer 44

IL-1, IL-6, IL-3

Question 45

What growth factor causes the production of RBCs and platelets from committed Stem Cells

Answer 45

GM-CSF