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Basic Haemotology (1204) > Pathology of the Spleen > Flashcards

Pathology of the Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What organ contains the largest single collection of lymphocytes and reticuloendothelial (RE) cells

A

Spleen

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2
Q

What is the average weight of the spleen

A

100-150g

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3
Q

Where is the Spleen located

A

Under the diaphragm, In the Upper left quandrant

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4
Q

What is the function of the spleen

A

Filtration of blood
Foreign matter pitting (cause swelling)
Culling damage cells (Reducing)
Humoral and Cellular Immune Function

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5
Q

Where are Lymphoid cells located

A

White pulp

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6
Q

What is the term used to describe the enlargement of the spleen

A

Splenomegaly

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7
Q

What are the functional disorders of the immune system

A

Alterations of Immune System

Alterations of Haematopoiesis

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8
Q

What 4 cells causes an increase in filtration

A

Abnormal RBC’s
Abnormal RBC inclusions (eg malaria)
Abnormal particulate matter (bacteria, cell debris)
Abnormal macromolecules

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9
Q

What are the causes of Splenomegaly

A

CHINAS
Congestion – portal hypertension
Haematological – haemolytic anaemia, sickle cell disease
Infection – malaria, TB, EBV, CMV, HIV
Neoplasm – CML, myelofibrosis, lymphoma
Autoimmune – RA, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis
Storage disorders

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10
Q

In terms of congestive states, What is the cause of Congestive Splenomegaly

A

Portal Hypertension:
Cirrhosis of the liver
Right heart failure
Portal / splenic vein thrombosis

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11
Q

What is the morphology of congestive Splenomegaly

A

Marked enlargement

Firm (cricket ball)

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12
Q

What is the histology of congestive splenomegaly

A

Fibrosis
± Infarcts
± Fibrosiderotic nodules (Gamna-Gandy bodies)
± Extramedullary haematopoiesis

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13
Q

What is the cause of Haematogenous Disorders in the spleen

A

Haematogenous Disorders

Sickle Cell Disease

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14
Q

What are the early signs of Haematogenous Disorders in sickle cell anaemia

A

Congestion of splenic cords
Repeated haemorrhagic infarction
Depressed scars
Gamna-Gandy bodies

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15
Q

What are the signs of Haematogenous Disorders in sickle cell anaemia

A

Autosplenectomy (infarction)

Persists in HbSC disease

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16
Q

What are the childhood signs of Haematogenous Disorders in sickle cell anaemia

A
  • Sequestration
17
Q

What are the infectious causes of Splenomegaly

A 
TB
Malaria
Infectious Mononucleosis
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
Typhoid, CMV, HIV
18
Q

What are the non-specific cause of Splenomegaly

A

Septicaemia

19
Q

What is the morphology of Infectious Splenomegaly

A

Moderate enlargement
Congested
Soft, semi-liquid or diffluent (mushy)

20
Q

What is the Histology of infectious splenomegaly

A 
± Organisms
RE hyperplasia
Erythrophagocytosis (typhoid)
Mononucleosis (atypical) cells 
Necrosis, polymorphs, eosinophils
21
Q

What are the causes of Primary Neoplasms in the spleen

A

Lymphomas/Leukaemias
Soft tissue tumours
± Haemangiomas
± Lymphangiomas

22
Q

What are the causes of Secondary Neoplasms in the spleen

A

GIT

23
Q

What are some autoimmune diseases that causes splenomegaly

A 
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Sarcoidosis
Amyloidosis
24
Q

What is the morphology of autoimmune splenomegaly

A

moderate - marked enlargement

prominent white pulp

25
Q

What is the histology of autoimmune splenomegaly

A

Hyperplasia of white pulp
Sarcoidosis:
Granulomas

26
Q

What causes Lysosomal Storage Diseases in the spleen

A

(n-born errors of metabolism
~50 rare inherited metabolic disorders
Lysosomal enzyme defects
Macromolecules accumulate within cells

27
Q

What diseases causes storage diseases splenomegaly

A 
(In-born errors of metabolism)
Gaucher (sphingolipids)
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Niemann-Pick (Lipids)
RE cell hyperplasia
28
Q

What causes Massive splenomegaly

A

Chronic Myeloid leukaemia
Myelofibrosis
Malaria

29
Q

What are 2 miscellaneous causes of Splenomegaly

A

Infarction

Cysts

30
Q

True or False, In Splenic infarcts there is a mild enlargement in the acute stage

A

True

31
Q

What are the causes of

Splenic Infarcts

A

Embolic occlusion of splenic artery

32
Q

What is the gross anatomy of splenic infarcts

A

Pale, wedge-shaped

+ suppurative necrosis with septic emboli

33
Q

What is the healed anatomy of splenic infarcts

A

Fibrous scars

34
Q

What is the cause of parasitic splenic cysts

A

Echinococcus (dog tape worm- Hydatid cysts)

35
Q

True or False, Splenic Cysts are rare

A

True

36
Q

What is the cause of nonparasitic splenic cysts

A 
True cysts - epithelial lining
-Epidermoid
-Dermoid
Pseudo-cysts - fibrous tissue lining
-Due to trauma
-Haemorrhage and organization
37
Q

What is the cause of splenic rupture

A

Usually Traumatic

38
Q

What is the cause of spontaneous splenic rupture

A

typhoid, malaria, infectious mono

39
Q

What is the cause of Rx splenectomy

A

More severe infections with capsulated organisms

Basic Haemotology (1204) (16 decks)

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