Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOCHEM*2580 > Second Half I F24: Lecture Slides 1 - 19 > Flashcards

Second Half I F24: Lecture Slides 1 - 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What are lipids defined by?

A

Their hydrophobicity (not by their chemical structure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do we use to dissolve lipids?

A

Organic Solvents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the organic solvent we use to dissolve lipids?

A

Typically a 2:1 mixture of Chloroform and Methanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Fats and Oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions fo triglycerides?

A

Energy storage (use when needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of phospholipids and sterols?

A

Structural elements of biological membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the functions of steroid hormones and prostaglandins?

A

Signal Transduction (cell-cell communication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Coenzyme Q?

A

A mitochondrial electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of coenzymes?

A

Enzyme cofactors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Vitamins A, D, E and K?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of carotene?

A

Light-absorbing Pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are glycolipids?

A

Contain both sugar and lipid portions and are important constants of cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the human blood types?

A

(O,A,B) are defied by the glycolipids displayed on the outer surfaces of blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are lipoproteins?

A

VLDL, HDL, LDL (defined by density, transport blood in lipids)

Plasma lipoproteins that are associated with cardiovascular health and disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are there three types of lipids we’re looking at?

A

1.) Fatty Acids

2.) Triacylglycerides

3.) Phosphoglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are fatty acids?

A
  • Building blocks of many complex lipids
  • Central Intermediates in Metabolism but not freely found in the environment or in cells (always conjugated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Triglcyerides?

A

A storage fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are phosphoglycerides?

A

The major lipids in membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the characteristics of Fatty Acids?

A

They are a carboxylic acid with hydrocarbons ranging from 4-36 carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

No double bonds between carbons in the chain (all single bonds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Fatty Acids with one or more double bonds

22
Q

When labelling fatty acids, which carbon is number 1 assigned to?

A

The carboxyl carbon is C-1

23
Q

What are features of commonly occurring fatty acids?

A
  • Have an even number of carbon atoms
  • Are unbranched
24
Q

What configuration are the double bonds in a fatty acid found in?

A

Cis transformation, which introduces a kink in the chain.

25
Q

What are the double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)?

A

Methylene Bridged, not conjugated.

26
Q

What are PUFA separated by?

A

By a methylene carbon and therefore the bond pattern is double-single-single-double (not conjugated)

27
Q

What fatty acid would not be an important constituent in human nerve cells?

A

An odd number of carbons

28
Q

What are the Five Commonly Occurring Saturated Fatty Acids Trivial Name and the number of Carbons?

A

12 Laurate

14 Myristate

16 Palmitate

18 Stearate

20 Arachidate

“Let My Pal Stay Around”

29
Q

What can the process of partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids do?

A

It is used in manufacturing margarine and similar products to isomerize double bonds, generating trans fats

30
Q

What does a Trans double bond allow a fatty acid to do?

A

Adopt an extended conformation, which can have serious negative effects on cardiovascular health.

31
Q

What is partial hydrogenation?

A

Take double bonds and add hydrogens

32
Q

What does the saturated chains extended conformation cause?

A

Them to pack in a fairly orderly way (causing extensive favourable interactions)

33
Q

For saturated fatty acids what happens as the chain length increases?

A

Melting Point Increases and Solubility Decreases

34
Q

How do unsaturated fatty acids pack and why?

A

Less regularly due to the kink caused by the cis double bond, lowering the number of favourable interactions.

35
Q

What is the melting point of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Drastically lower as less thermal energy is required to disrupt ordered packing and the fluidy of the membrane depends on this.

36
Q

Why can trans fatty acids pack more regularly than cis forms?

A

Due to their extended nature, trans form shows a higher melting point.

37
Q

What is the melting point of the saturated fatty acid Stearic Acid?

A

+70 degrees celsius

38
Q

What is the melting point of the unsaturated fatty acid Linoleic Acid?

A

-5 degrees celsius

39
Q

What do carboxylic acids form when combined with alcohols?

A

Esters

40
Q

What do carboxylic acids form when combined with acids?

A

Acid Anhydrides

41
Q

What are majority of fatty acids in biological systems found in?

A

The form of triacyglycerols

42
Q

How are triaglycerols formed by?

A

Linking three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages.

43
Q

What are TAGs the major constituent of?

A

Bulk fats and oils, including the human body’s depot fat.

44
Q

What are some characteristics of triacylglcdyeride?

A

Highly hydrophobic as the polar carboxylic acids of the fatty acids are tied up as (less polar esters)

45
Q

What does the melting point of TAGs depend on?

A

The length and degree of saturation of their fatty acid constitutes

46
Q

Will you be asked to draw a triacylglyceride?

A

Yes.

47
Q

What is a simple TAG

A

Same fatty acid in all three positions

48
Q

What is a mixed TAG

A

2 or 3 different fatty acids

49
Q

What is the MP and Unsaturation of a Solid TAG?

A

M.P increases

Unsaturation decreases

50
Q

What is the MP and Unsaturation of a liquid TAG?

A

MP decreases

Unsaturation Increases

BIOCHEM*2580 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions