Second Half F24 II: Lecture Slides 58 - 79 Flashcards
How much energy does Protein give off?
17 kJ
How much energy does a Carbohydrate give off?
16kJ
How much energy does a Fat give off?
37 kJ
What is the most concentrated store of metabolic energy?
Fat
What does it mean when a molecule is very reduced?
It has gained electrons and become more negative
Why is fat considered to be the most concentrated store of metabolic energy?
Fat is chemically very reduced - most of its carbons are found in the form CH2.
What does the fat being in its reduced form cause?
When it is oxidized to CO2, it releases the maximum amount of energy.
Why does sugars not release a large concentration of energy?
The C in the sugar are found in its CH2O form, meaning they are already partially oxidized.
Why can fat be stored water-free?
Due to its hydrophobic properties
What is the general rule for a molecule to be the most oxidized?
If it has less hydrogen and more oxygen it is in its oxidized state
What molecule is the most oxidized form of carbon found in living systems?
Carbon Dioxide
Consider the following four compounds are oxidized to CO2
i. CH3-CH3
ii. CH3CHO
iii. CH3CH2OH
iv. CH3COOH
What is the relative quantities of the greatest free energy released?
i > iii > ii > iv
What is the human fuel reserve for glucose?
150 kJ
What is the human fuel reserve for glycogen?
2,500 kJ
What is the protein human fuel reserve?
100,000 kJ
What is the fat human fuel reserve?
500,000kJ
What are Fatty Acids found mainly in?
Triacyclglycerols (TAGs)
What can TAGS be converted into with the help of lipase (breaks the ester linkage)?
Fatty Acids (Beta Oxidation) or Glycerols (for glycolytic intermediate)
What are the three steps of the complete oxidation of a Fatty Acid to CO2 and H20?
1.) Beta Oxidation
2.) Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
3.) ETC
What does Beta Oxidation give rise to?
Acetyl CoA and Reduced Cofactors (NAD, FAD, etc)
What did Franz Knoop discover?
He tagged the omega carbon of even and odd chained fatty acids to determine their aromatic products
What was the aromatic product of the odd number of carbons?
Benzoic Acid