Lecture 1

Question 1

What are examples of small molecules?

Answer 1

Sugars, amino acids, nucleotides, carboxylic acid derivatives

Question 2

What do small molecules act as?

Answer 2

Building blocks for macromolecules

Question 3

What are macromolecules?

Answer 3

Proteins (chains of amino acids), Polysaccharides (chains of simple sugars), Nucleic acids (chains of nucleotides)

Question 4

What is an example of a macromolecule?

Answer 4

Myoglobin (protein) that stores O2 in muscle tissue

Question 5

How large is a protein molecule?

Answer 5

10, 000 to 100,000 g mol

Question 6

What is protein size expressed in?

Answer 6

kiloDalton

Question 7

What is 1 Dalton (Da) equal to?

Answer 7

1 g mol

Question 8

What is 1 kDa equal to?

Answer 8

1000 g mol

Question 9

What are amide bonds?

Answer 9

Two different functional groups reacting with each other

Question 10

What are proteins linked by?

Answer 10

Peptide Bonds (type of amide bond)

Question 11

What does each protein have?

Answer 11

A unique sequence of different amino acids

A well defined size and structure

Question 12

What are the diverse functions of proteins?

Answer 12

Catalyzing reactions (enzymes)

Forming complex sub cellular structures

Question 13

What does each amino acid have?

Answer 13

An amino group and a carboxylate acid group and a different side chain

Question 14

How many different amino acids are found in proteins?

Answer 14

20 different amino acids

Question 15

Which amino acid is not chiral?

Answer 15

Glycine

Question 16

The central carbon in all amino acids except one is?

Answer 16

Chiral

Question 17

What are the designated D and L Versions of Each other?

Answer 17

Enantinomer (mirror images)

Question 18

What configuration are the amino acids in proteins found in?

Answer 18

L configuration

Question 19

What does L configuration mean?

Answer 19

Amino is found on LHS

Question 20

What does D configuration mean?

Answer 20

Amino is found on RHS

Question 21

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 21

The removal of water to form bonds

Question 22

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 22

The addition of water to break bonds

Question 23

What does the C = O of the amide allow for?

Answer 23

A water attack due to it being the point of weakness

Question 24

What is the N-terminus?

Answer 24

The Amino-terminal end

Question 25

What is the C-terminus?

Answer 25

The Carboxyl Terminal end

Question 26

What does the combination of different side chains R1, R2, R3 give each protein?

Answer 26

Its unique properties

Question 27

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 27

A chain with many amino acids

Question 28

What is an oligopeptide?

Answer 28

A chain with a few amino acids

Question 29

What are amino acids in a protein chain known as?

Answer 29

Amino Acids “residues”

Question 30

What is the average molecular weight of amino acids in proteins?

Answer 30

~128

Question 31

What is then molecule of water removed to form peptide bond?

Answer 31

18

Question 32

What is the average molecular weight of an amino acid residue in a protein?

Answer 32

128 - 18 = 110

Question 33

How can the number of amino acid residues in a protein be estimated by?

Answer 33

Dividing the molecular weight of the protein by 110

Question 34

What is the a - carbon?

Answer 34

The central backbone atom

Question 35

What is the B-carbon?

Answer 35

The first atom of the side chain