Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIBC120 > Second Half > Flashcards

Second Half Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which two water-soluble vitamins are important for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine?

A

Folate (Folic Acid) and Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three components of folic acid?

A

Pteridine, para-benzoic acid, glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or false: Correct if false. A deficiency in folic acid in the fetus can result in spina bifida.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or False: Correct if false. Pyridoxal is essential for synthesis of dTMP for DNA synthesis.

A

False. Folic Acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transport of heme iron into the absorptive cells of the duodenum is done by:

A

Probably Ferriportin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: Zinc is needed for binding of certain cold viruses to their receptors.

A

False.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Zinc interferes with the absorption of what other mineral?

A

Copper (Cu).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proper sexual maturation requires adequae levels of what mineral?

A

Zinc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Zinc-deficient pigs will die of malnutrition if deprived of

Zn even if given food. Explain.

A

Zinc deficiency leads to loss of taste sensitivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Zinc absorption is inhibited by high levels of what?

A

Phytic acid, Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Should individuals who need more zinc eat leavened or unleavened bread? Explain.

A

Leavened bread. Yeast in leavened bread break down phytic acid, which is an antinutrient for zinc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A person who is morbidly obese has a BMI of:

A

40-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A person who is super obese has a BMI of:

A

50-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A person who is severely obese has a BMI of:

A

35-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A person who is obese has a BMI of:

A

30-35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADH, carbonic anhydrase and superoxide dismutase all require one particular mineral to function. Name this mineral.

A

Zinc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three components needed to calculate energy expenditure?

A

Basal metabolism, Physical activity, Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define basal metabolism.

A

Minimal energy expended in a fasting state to keep a resting, conscious person alive in a warm quiet environment. Accounts for 60-70% of total energy expenditure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is basal metabolism affected by the following? 1) Decrease in energy Intake, 2) Increase in energy intake, 3) Increase in age after 30

A

1) BM decreases; 2) No change; 3) BM decreases 1-2% each year after 30.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Decrease in hydroxyproline levels is directly associated with which disease?

21
Q

Which vitamin is needed for conversion of proline to hydroxyproline?

22
Q

What is the percent of US Americans with diabetes in the population?

Study These Flashcards
A

~9% and climbing.

23
Q

Individuals with diabetes are at high risk of beriberi. Explain.

Study These Flashcards
A

Thiamine Pyrophosphate (Active B1) levels are lower in diabetics, partly because the elevated blood sugar causes increased thiamine excretion by the kidney at a rate twenty-five times higher than normal. This leads to an acute deficiency of thiamine, also called beri-beri.

24
Q

What is the Fasting Glucose range for a pre-diabetic individual?

25
What is the 2hr Glucose range for a pre-diabetic individual?
140-200mg/dL
26
What is the HbA-1c range for a pre-diabetic individual?
5.7-6.4%
27
Impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance are biomarkers for:
Pre-diabetes, through the Fasting Glucose, 2hr Glucose and HbA-1c tests.
28
What does the HbA-1c specifically test for?
percentage of glycated hemoglobin
29
Ethnicity affects diabetes risk as follows (especially pertains to teenage Americans):
Native Americans have the highest risk while Caucasians have the lowest
30
What component of hydroxyapetite do people usually do not get enough of in their diet:
Calcium
31
Explain why "Loss of insulin production by the pancreas" | occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics.
Type 1: The beta cells are destroyed by autoimmunity or viruses Type 2: Beta cell failure as a result of pacreatic exhaustion in later stages.
32
Which vitamin supplement was found to increase risk of lung cancer in smokers?
Beta-Carotene
33
The two minerals found in greatest abundance in the body are:
1) Phosphorus (Think DNA backbone and kinases) | 2) Calcium (Think bones and cascade responses in nerve synapses)
34
Type II Diet medications such as Orlistat Inhibit Fat Absorption. What undesired nutritional side effect does this have?
Reduced fat soluble vitamin uptake
35
Removing the satiety center of hypothalamus would have a similar effect on weight gain as enhancing synthesis of:
Ghrelin, which stimulates appetite
36
What are the three functions of Ghrelin
* Stimulates food intake (appetite enhancer) | * Induces weight gain
37
Ghrelin and Obestatin are both GI signals produced in the upper GI tract and the stomach. How do they differ in function?
Obestatin promotes the opposite effect of Ghreline. Obestatin suppresses apetite.
38
Studies of specific diets based on your blood type have shown that these diets:
improve biomarkers if you eat a plant-based diet independent of blood type
39
True or False: Lactose intolerance can result from viral gastroenteritis.
True.
40
True or False: Lactose intolerance is rare in people of Asian and African-American descent.
False.
41
In mice, what is the wildtype Obesity (Ob) gene?
encodes a peptide hormone made in adipocytes that controls satiety
42
In mice, the mutant Obesity (Ob) gene leads to:
Morbid obesity
43
Which teratogen/neuro/liver toxin was found unexpectedly in high levels in typical families in California (e.g. the Berkeley Family study)?
PBDE
44
What kind of toxin is PFOA?
carcinogen and liver toxin
45
What kind of toxin is pthalate?
neurotoxin
46
What kind of toxin is Bisphenol A (BPA)?
endocrine disruptor
47
What potent neurotoxin has declined dramatically in people’s blood over the past 40 years?
Lead; No longer used in gasoline and paint
48
Explain what the Costa Rican study of coffee drinkers showed with regards to: 1) Mutations in a cytochrome P450 gene; 2) metabolizing speed of caffeine.
1) mutations in a cytochrome P450 gene can affect risk of heart attacks from coffee 2) slow metabolizers of caffeine had an increased risk of heart attack from coffee

BIBC120 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions