Final Questions that suck Flashcards

1
Q
Deficiency in which vitamin can produce convulsions in infants (occurred from infant
formula that was over sterilized):
a) cobalamin
b) cholecalciferol
c) tocopherol
d) niacin
e) pyridoxal
A

E

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2
Q

3) Flavin adenine dinucleotide is the co-substrate made from which vitamin?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B6
d) niacin
e) none of the above

A

B

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3
Q

4) Nicotinamide is derived from which vitamin or compound?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B6
d) tryptophan
e) none of the above

A

D

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4
Q

5) Phosphate is a component of the cofactor or co-substrate made from which vitamin(s):
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B6
c) niacin
d) b & c
e) all of the above

A

E

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5
Q

9) Beriberi is caused by a lack of:
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin C
e) Vitamin D

A

A

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6
Q
10) Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and serotonin agonists are used as diet medications because
they:
a) suppress appetite
b) enhance satiety
c) inhibit fat absorption
d) protect heart valves
e) a, b & c
A

A

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7
Q

11) The liver is involved in:
a) conversion of provitamin D to D3
b) addition of two hydroxy groups to D3
c) addition of a hydroxy group to calcidiol to produce the active calcitriol
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

A

E

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8
Q

12) The protein that is released during infection to reduce blood iron levels is:
a) hemosiderin
b) hepcidin
c) ferroportin
d) ferritin
e) none of the above

A

B

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9
Q

13) Which reactive center of a vitamin is directly involved in transamination reactions?
a) pyrimidine ring
b) thiazole ring
c) pteridine ring
d) modified purine ring
e) aldehyde group

A

E

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10
Q

15) The structure above
a) forms a Schiff base in transamination reactions
b) is involved primarily in kinase reactions
c) is primary co-substrate for transamination reactions
d) is primary co-substrate for redox reactions specifically to neutralize free radicals
e) is primary co-substrate for redox reactions & been used to treat atherosclerosis

A

E

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11
Q

17) Absorption of light by rhodopsin produces which transformation:
a) cis-retinol -> trans-retinol
b) trans-retinol -> cis-retinol
c) cis-retinal -> trans-retinal
d) trans-retinal -> cis-retinal
e) retinal -> retinoic acid

A

C

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12
Q

21) Which vitamin is found in high levels in the eyes & helps protect eyes from free radicals:
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
e) none of the above

A

C

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13
Q

22) Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is found in:
a) Vitamin B12
b) Folic acid
c) TPP
d) FADH2
e) none of the above

A

B

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14
Q

23) Potassium
a) is found at higher levels inside the cell than outside
b) is typically found at high levels in processed food
c) is the major ion used for cotransport of nutrients into cells
d) is an important component of hydroxyapetite
e) none of the above

A

A

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15
Q

24) Recommended daily intake of Ca for 9-18 yr olds is
a) 0.5 gm
b) 1.0 gm
c) 1.2-1.3 gm
d) 1.5 gm
e) 2.5 gm

A

C

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16
Q

26) High intake of what increases risk of osteoporosis
a) alcohol
b) sodium
c) caffeine
d) cigarette smoke
e) all of the above

A

E

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17
Q

27) Intake of ________ has an upper limit of 350 mg/d as supplement but not from food:
a) sodium
b) phosphorus
c) magnesium
d) manganese
e) iron

A

C

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18
Q

33) Increased mobilization (release) of Ca from the bones occurs in response to:
a) decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels
b) increase in calcitonin levels
c) increase in Vitamin E levels
d) a & b
e) none of the above

A

E

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19
Q

35) Which groups are most at risk from a diet high in salt (sodium):
a) people with chronic kidney disease
b) diabetics
c) people

A

D

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20
Q
36) Airway spasms and loss of blood pressure after consumption of sulfites (e.g. in wine) is an
example of:
a) food intolerance
b) food allergy
c) anaphylaxis
d) celiac disease
e) none of the above
A

A

21
Q

37) Vitamin C stimulates iron absorption by
a) by reducing Fe3+
b) by inactivating phytic acid
c) by activating iron transport proteins
d) by facilitating heme iron uptake
e) all of the above

A

A

22
Q

38) By which mechanism does the body reduce iron load:
a) blocking hemosiderin production
b) decreasing levels of ferritin
c) decreasing the activity of ferroportin
d) loss of epithelial cells from the lining of the GI track
e) c & d

A

E

23
Q

39) Thyroxine contains which mineral in its structure:
a) iron
b) calcium
c) magnesium
d) cobalt
e) none of the above

A

E

24
Q

41) Folic acid is essential for
a) conversion of homocysteine to methionine
b) proper spine development in the developing fetus
c) synthesis of dTMP for DNA synthesis
d) b & c
e) all of the above

A

E

25
Q

43) Transport of heme iron into the absorptive cells of the duodenum is done by:
a) hemosiderin
b) ferritin
c) DMT1
d) membrane iron binding protein
e) none of the above

A

E

26
Q

44) Zinc is needed for:
a) proper taste function
b) binding of certain cold viruses to their receptors
c) proper sexual maturation
d) a & c
e) all of the above

A

D

27
Q

45) Zinc absorption is best described as:
a) inhibited by high Ca
b) inhibited by high iron
c) stimulated by phytic acid
d) inhibited by factors in leavened bread
e) all of the above

A

A

28
Q

48) A person who is morbidly obese has a BMI of:
a) 30-35
b) 35-40
c) 40-50
d) >50
e) none of the above

A

C

29
Q

55) Which of the following minerals is needed by superoxide dismutase:
a) calcium
b) cobalt
c) magnesium
d) zinc
e) none of the above

A

D

30
Q

56) Basal metabolism:
a) increases with age
b) increases with energy intake
c) is not affected by age or energy intake
d) a & b
e) none of the above

A

E

31
Q

58) Decrease in hydroxyproline levels is directly associated with which disease:
a) beriberi
b) scurvy
c) spina bifida
d) anemia
e) PKU

A

B

32
Q

60) Currently, the percent of Americans with diabetes is:
a) ~5% and climbing
b) ~8% and has stabilized
c) >25% and climbing
d) >25% and has stabilized
e) none of the above

A

E sucks

33
Q

63) The level of TPP in the blood of diabetics compared to non-diabetics is:
a) similar to non-diabetics
b) higher in diabetics
c) lower in diabetics
d) zero
e) depends on tryptophan levels

A

C

34
Q

64) Someone with fasting glucose

A

D

35
Q

66) Impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance:
a) are biomarkers for obesity
b) are distinguished by the A1C test
c) measure amount of insulin present in blood at the time of testing
d) measure amount of insulin in blood averaged over several months
e) none of the above

A

E

36
Q

68) Ethnicity affects diabetes risk as follows (especially pertains to teenage Americans):
a) native Americans have the highest risk while Caucasians have the lowest
b) native Americans have the lowest risk
c) Caucasians have the highest risk
d) African Americans have the highest risk
e) ethnicity does not affect diabetes risk

A

A

37
Q

69) What component of hydroxyapetite do people usually do not get enough of in their diet:
a) magnesium
b) calcium
c) phosphorus
d) potassium
e) none of the above

A

B

38
Q

70) Loss of insulin production by the pancreas:
a) occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics
b) is a consequence of high sugar and meat intake by type 1 diabetics
c) is found in the early stages of type 2 diabetes
d) can be reversed by non-insulin drug treatment in type 1 diabetics
e) none of the above

A

A or D

39
Q

74) Which vitamin supplement was found to increase risk of lung cancer in smokers:
a) retinol
b) β-carotene
c) cholecalciferol
d) tocopherol
e) none of the above

A

B

40
Q

77) The two minerals found in greatest abundance in the body are:
a) potassium & phosphorus
b) potassium & calcium
c) phosphorus & calcium
d) calcium & magnesium
e) calcium & iron

A

C

41
Q

79) Undesired side effects of type II diet medications (e.g. Orlistat) include:
a) damaged heart valve
b) inhibition of GI lipases
c) reduced fat soluble vitamin uptake
d) increased anxiety
e) projectile vomiting

A

C

42
Q
83) Removing the satiety center of hypothalamus would have a similar effect on weight gain as
enhancing synthesis of:
a) ghrelin
b) obestatin
c) estrogen
d) parathyroid hormone
e) calcitonin
A

A

43
Q

86) Studies of specific diets based your blood type have shown that these diets:
a) improve biomarkers associated with CVD risk for all blood types
b) improve biomarkers associated with CVD risk only if you have type A blood
c) improve biomarkers associated with CVD risk only if you have type O blood
d) improve biomarkers if you eat a plant-based diet independent of blood type
e) none of the above

A

D

44
Q

89) Lactose intolerance:
a) can result from viral gastroenteritis
b) arose as independent mutations thousands of years ago
c) is common in people of Asian and African-American descent
d) a & c
e) all of the above

A

D

45
Q

92) In mice, the wildtype Obesity (Ob) gene:
a) encodes the peptide hormone obestatin
b) encodes a peptide hormone made in adipocytes
c) encodes a peptide hormone made in the GI track
d) induces weight gain
e) a & c

A

B

46
Q

93) Which teratogen/neurotoxin was found unexpectedly in high levels in a Berkeley family:
a) lead
b) BPA
c) PBDE
d) pthalate
e) PFOA

A

C

47
Q
94) Which of the following is a potent neurotoxin, which has declined dramatically in people’s
blood over the past 40 years:
a) lead
b) BPA
c) PBDE
d) pthalate
e) none of the above
A

A

48
Q

96) The Costa Rican study of coffee drinkers showed that
a) mutations in a cytochrome P450 gene can affect risk of heart attacks from coffee
b) slow metabolizers of caffeine had an increased risk of heart attack from coffee
c) fast metabolizers of caffeine had an increased risk of heart attack from coffee
d) a & b
e) none of the above

A

D