Final - Lecture 15 Alternative

Question 1

Name 3 health risks associated with Obesity.

Answer 1

1), Diabetes, 2) Cancer, 3) CVD, 4) Hypertension, 5) Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s diseases

Question 2

Explain the relationship between Obesity and Breast Cancer.

Answer 2

Induced obesity via diet is associated with high levels of cholesterol, which leads to increased 27HC. 27HC binds to estrogen receptors, which is highly associated with breast cancer.

Question 3

In obese individuals, bile is converted to a carcinogen. What is the name of this carcinogen?

Answer 3

DCA.

Question 4

Metabolic disease is caused by imbalances in ________ and _________.

Answer 4

Energy and metabolism.

Question 5

Name three factors involved in metabolic disease.

Answer 5

Amount and type of food, amount of activity, and basal metabolism rate

Question 6

Increasing number of obese parents is correlated with higher obesity risk in a child. Explain.

Answer 6

There is a major genetic component to obesity. Genes control ~40-70% of obesity or weight gain. (Source: Twin studies)

Question 7

What is the proposed function of thrifty genes?

Answer 7

Promoting conservation & storage of energy.

Question 8

Can a single gene mutation in mice result in obesity? If so, provide one example.

Answer 8

Yes. The Obesity (Ob) gene.

Question 9

Describe the association between greater diversity of the gut microbiota and obesity risk.

Answer 9

Greater diversity is associated with lower obesity risk.

Question 10

Name two environmental factors involved in more obesity.

Answer 10

Less exercise, more eating, who you interact with (mutual friend, friends, close friends)

Question 11

Name 5 major risk factors in development of obesity.

Answer 11

1) Sweetened beverages, 2) Fast foods, 3) Large portion sizes, 4) Screen/Comp time, 5) High energy intake (kcals), 6) Energy-dense foods

Question 12

Which factors protect AGAINST development of obesity?

Answer 12

High consumption of dietary fibers, fruits, veggies

Question 13

True or false: If insulin levels are spiking, your body is being told to store fat.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

What is the body mass index (BMI)?

Answer 14

The preferred weight-for-height standard.

Health risks increase > 25 (23 for Asians)

Question 15

Explain how the proposed healthy BMI changes as you age.

Answer 15

Slightly higher is better for older individuals

Question 16

Name four risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome.

Answer 16

-Abdominal obesity, high blood glucose, high blood pressure, high blood triglycerides, high LDL and low HDL, insulin resistance

Question 17

What are the three components of Energy Expenditure (EE)?

Answer 17

Basal metabolism, physical activity (1-1.9), and Thermic effect of food (1.05-1.1)

Question 18

What is the thermic effect of food (TEF)? What factors affect TEF?

Answer 18

Amount of energy required to digest food. Cooking (lower) vs raw (higher)

Question 19

Define Basal metabolism. Name 3 of the 4 factors that affect this rate.

Answer 19

Minimal energy expended in a fasting state to keep a resting, conscious person alive in a warm, quiet environment.
Depends on 1) age, 2) weight, 3) height, 4) sex.

Question 20

What happens to basal metabolism when energy intake is decreased?

Answer 20

The basal metabolism rate decreases as well.