Sec 2, class 10 Flashcards
A discipline that concerns the application of psychology to improve the quality of working
life, and to protect and promote the health, safety and well-being of workers (National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH)
– Includes both the negative aspects (job stress) and positive ones (psychological well-being) that affect the functioning of workers both within and outside of the workplace
Occupational Health Psychology
The scientific study of the optimal functioning of the health of individuals and groups in
organizations, as well as the effective management of psychosocial well-being at work and the development of healthy organizations
POHP- positive occupational health psychology
The focus of POHP and POP is to discover the characteristics of “good organizational life”
(Llorens, Salanova & Martínez, 2008; Salanova, Martínez & Llorens, 2005) at the individual, inter-individual, group, organizational and societal levels.
Positive Organizational Psychology
A theoretical model and validated methodology of psychosocial risk assessment, considered
an important strategy of practical implementation for occupational health and risk
prevention practitioners in times of crisis
RED- Resources- experiences- demands
HEalthy & Resilience Organizations
• An organization that makes systematic, planned, and
proactive efforts to improve employees’, teams’, and the
organization’s processes and outcomes
• Resilient?
– Maintain positive adjustment under challenging
conditions
– Bounce back from untoward events
– Maintain desirable functions & outcomes in midst of strain
• Aimed at improving work environment at task (e.g.,
autonomy), interpersonal (e.g., transformational leadership styles), and organizational (e.g., HR practices) levels
What is a hero?
Resources & Practices: – Social support – Work-family strategies – Transformational leadership – Team autonomy – Team feedback – Supportive team climate – Team coordination • Employees & Teams: – Trust – Work engagement – Efficacious – Engaged & resilient • Org outcomes: – Team in-role & extra-role performance – High performance – CSR
Hero model: healthy organizational resources and practices , healthy employees, healthy organizational outcomes
Assessment & evaluation
a. Talent attraction, recruitment, selection & retention
b. Establishing & monitoring the psychological contract
c. Periodic HERO audits
d. Workshops on positive experiences
Hero strategies - developing and maintaining heros
- Design & change work places & org practices
a. Investing in task (time control & method control) & social resources (supportive team climate,
coordination, teamwork)
b. Investing in organizational practices (e.g., work-family
balance, psychosocial health, communication
strategies)
c. Investing in work changes (e.g., job rotations, special
projects)
Hero strategies - developing and maintaining heros
- Enhance positive & transformational leadership
a. Practical guide on leadership in safety & health by
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
b. Transformational leader: charismatic, inspiring,
visionary; motivates employees & builds
engagement; displays conviction; takes stands;
challenges followers with high standards;
communicates optimism about future goal
attainment; stimulates & encourages creativity &
innovation; listens to followers’ concerns & needs,
which are mainly higher-order intrinsic needs (Avolio,
1999; Bass, 1985)
Hero strategies - developing and maintaining heros
- Promote work training in efficacy beliefs (mastery
experiences, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion,
positive emotional states (Bandura, 2001) - Develop career management
Hero strategies - developing and maintaining heros
Behavioral strategies:
1. Practicing virtues / strengths (e.g., use top 5 strengths in a new & different way
each day of the week)
2. Practice acts of kindness, especially a wide variety of kindness acts in a short
period of time
3. Express gratitude (e.g., gratitude letter, 3 good things)
4. Learn to forgive (e.g., letter, find empathy for an offender)
5. Share good news & celebrate successes
6. Nurture social relationships (e.g., practical help, emotional support, information;
socializing)
Empirically validated ppis
Cognitive strategies:
1. Count one’s blessings (e.g., daily journal, regular contemplation)
2. Cultivate optimism (e.g., best possible self exercise; dispute pessimistic
explanations)
3. Savoring (e.g., reminiscing, openness to beauty & excellence, taking time out)
Empirically validated PPIs - cognitive strategies
Volitional strategies:
- Set & pursue personal goals (e.g., legacy, smaller low-level)
- Increase resilience (e.g., write about a negative event, offer job resources)
Empirically validated PPIs - volitional strategies
- person-activity fit
- cultural considerations
- ethical considerations
Considerations for implementing PPIs
awareness, be where you are
practicing mindfulness offers a way to pay attention to the present moment, without judgment
mindfulness
Autopilot + reactivity
• Workplace as an attack on our ability to pay attention
• Time spent distracted?
• As mind-wandering goes up, happiness goes down
• Negative distraction = automatic, not managing to what want to be doing
• “Attention economy” – Results…by doing the right actions…by making the right choices…by paying attention
• Stress: most stress doesn’t come from what we’re doing, but from fear of what we are or aren’t doing.
Stress dissipates when in present moment
• Neuroplasticity: always correcting itself based on what we’re focusing on
why mindfulness at work?
- decreased stress
- better task performance
- better decision making
- decreased multitasking
- increased job satisfaction
- enhanced work-life balance
- creativity and innovation
- enhanced focus
- ethical decision making
- increased problem solving
- increased retention
- less sick days
benefits of mindfulness at work
- mindfulness can be aimed at enhancing mindful awareness during every activities
- requires single focus of attention and ability to gently turn back to object of attention
mindfulness practice
- awareness of routine activities
- body awareness
- awareness of impulsive and reactive patterns
- awareness during social interaction
mindfulness practice (informal)
