Class 2/3 Flashcards
Over last 50 years
- life satisfaction remained flat in US despite triple GDP
- increased suicide, divorce, violent crime, prison rates and depression
measuring satisfaction in different countries
people in wealthier countries are more likely to be satisfied with their lives - money helps satisfaction up to a point, and then plateaus
Ranking of happiness top countries
- Finland
- Denmark
- Norway
- Iceland
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
- Sweden
Elements of wellbeing by region
% thriving in three or more elements
- Americas 31%
- Europe 22%
- Former Soviet Union 18%
- Middle East/Africa 15%
- Asia 13%
Purpose wellbeing - 10 highest countries - (are you learning something new?)
all latin american countries except for Denmark
Social wellbeing - 10 highest countries
all latin american countries except for Myanmar
Financial wellbeing- 10 highest countries (do you have enough money to do everything you want?)
all European countries except for Singapore
Community wellbeing- 10 highest countries -
Sri Lanka is #1 - not present in any other lists, the rest is a mix between European, Latin American and Asian countries
Physical wellbeing - health
all Latin American countries except for Myanmar
Well being overall - top countries
- Panama is present in top 3 of 4/5 aspects *not in financial)
- Costa Rica is in 4/5 aspects *not in financial
- Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Belize, in 4/5
- Guatemala in 3/5
leading the empirical research about what enables individuals and organizations to thrive - empirical research with 14 interventions that raise happiness persistently
Positive Psychology
What we are born with vs. what we can change
50% genetics
40% under our own control
10% circumstance -(environment, upbringing (education, income, good health) )
– found out through twin studies
Happiness is ____ the negation of ______
Happiness is not the negation of unhappiness
-40,000 studies on depression, but only 400 on joy- why not study joy more? Why do we study what’s wrong instead of what’s right- why do we study divorced couples instead of healthy marriages?
Disease Model
- focuses on weaknesses and overcoming deficiencies
- neurosis, anger, anxiety, depression, psychosis
- avoiding pain, running from unhappiness
- neutral state is 0 as ceiling
Health Model
- focus on wellbeing, satisfaction, joy, excitement, happiness
- focus on strengths
- building competencies, seeking pleasure, pursuing happiness
- no ceiling
last 20 years, surge in research on what makes life worth living
-happy people are successful, happiness precedes success, happy people are better workers (more promotions, earn more), happiness precedes marital success, happy people have better health, happy people are more liked by others, happy people are more generous and better citizens
tendency to focus on what’s wrong is 3x more likely than tendency to focus on what’s right - we are much more likely to avoid threat than approach reward, hardwired to survive instead of thrive - react more intensely to losing 1m$ than wining 1m$ - nonstick for the good, velcro for the bad
Negativity bias
secret of oldest holocaust survivor
life is beautiful, look for the beauty
- study of what goes right in life, far beyond happiology
- learning about positive psychology is not a spectator sport
Positive psychology
Positive Organizational Scholarship is about unlocked resources
- assumes:
- always resources to be unlocked in individuals, relationships, teams, and whole organizations
(resources like trust, hope, confidence, generosity, efficacy, creativity, empathy, curiosity, integrity, skills)
- positive climate (foster compassion, forgiveness, gratitude)
- Positive relationships (build energy networks, reinforce strengths)
- Positive communication (obtain best-self feedback, use supportive communication)
- Positive meaning (affect human well-being, connect to personal values, highlight extended impact, build community)
Four leadership strategies that enable positive deviance
- growing
- learning
- positively energized
- engaged
- resilient
- creating/innovating
- engaged
- committed/loyal
- generous
- productive
- caring/compassionate
- healthy
Indicators of individual and collective flourishing
- merger of two company cultures that were basically competitors/enemies - cynicism and predicted to fail
- successful culture merger
- from losses to substantial profitability- 20% annual growth, kept 95% of clients, higher employee opinion survey results, eventual loss of CEO didn’t alter course
Prudential Financial intervention
implementing positive, virtuous organizational practices are significantly and positively related to profitability, productivity, quality, innovation, customer satisfaction, retention
business case for POS
- gratitude and appreciation
- dignity and respect
- caring and concern
- meaningfulness and purpose
- inspiration and positive energy
- forgiveness and understanding
- trust and integrity
positive practices predictive of performance
- investigates postive deviance
- focuses on dynamics in orgs that lead to development of human strength, foster vitality and flourishing in employees, make possible resilience and restoration, cultivate extraordinary individual and organizational performance
- positive (affirmative bias)
- organizational: positive processes and states that occur w/in organizations
- scholarship: rigor, theories, scientific procedures
Positive organizational scholarship
- broaden and build theory
- hope theory
- self-determination theory
- PERMA
4 key actionable psychological theories
- positive emotions broaden people’s momentary thought-action repertoires and build long lasting personal resources critical for wellbeing
- intellectual resources, physical resources, social resources, psychological resources
- work groups with high positive to negative interactions report valuable workplace outcomes- greater wellbeing, resilience, life satisfaction, creativity, productivity etc
Broaden and build theory
positive statements express: appreciation, support, helpfulness, approval, compliments
negative statements express:
criticism, disapproval, dissatisfaction, cynicism, disagreement
positive negative ratio
thinks things are permanent, personal, pervasive (she is so mean, she hates me, she’ always treats me so bad)
pessimism
thinks things are local, temporary, changeable (she was mean, maybe she is having a bad day, tomorrow she will be normal again)
optimism
3: 1 workplace/teams
5: 1 marriage/relationships
Ratios of positive to negative emotions
increased life expectancy of optimism
7 years *influences more than if you were a smoker or not
- an individual’s perception of their capacities to 1. set goals 2. develop pathways to reach goals 3. initiate and sustain motivation for using those strategies (agency)
- high hopers can anticipate challenges and more readily generate alternate pathways
- high hopers experience less burnout, are more optimistic, find better pathways, higher wellbeing, higher organizational satisfaction and commitment
Hope theory
motivational theory - 3 psychological needs that are intrinsic and motivated by yourself instead of by others
- autonomy
- competence
- relatedness
- result in greater goal attainment, happiness and wellbeing, intrinsic goals are self determined, extrinsic goals aren’t within ones’ control
Self Determination Theory
motivational theory - 3 psychological needs that are intrinsic and motivated by yourself instead of by others
- autonomy
- competence
- relatedness
- result in greater goal attainment, happiness and wellbeing, intrinsic goals are self determined, extrinsic goals aren’t within ones’ control
- goals must be enjoyed, must gain inherent and personal satisfaction, learner is doing something because they enjoy doing it
Self Determination Theory
- research findings are overstated, misleading, and invalid- mis analyze data and overclaim things
- too much emphasis on self report
- many people practice PP without being guided and lead to “happiology”
- pp is only studied in existing western socio-economic systems, emphasizing individualism, capitalism and western definitions of happiness
- pp represents values based perspective, not rigorous science
- PP neglects cultural, social, economic and situational contexts
Criticisms of PP
