Seafood Hygiene and Preservation

Question 1

FDA “Code of Federal Regulations” definition of seafood

Answer 1

fresh or saltwater finfish
crustaceans
aquatic animal life (not including birds or mammals)
all mollusks

Question 2

T/F FDA makes regulations for sea food

Answer 2

true but limited in effectiveness

Question 3

why are FDA regulations for seafood not very effective

Answer 3

plants fly under the radar
“penalty” is a warning letter and take 73 days to issue
imports =60% of market, FDA inspects 1-3%

Question 4

who handles the voluntary seafood inspection program

Answer 4

Dept. of Commerce (NOAA)

Question 5

T/F public health service cannot close waters to fishing/growing of seafood

Answer 5

false

Question 6

VSIP

Answer 6

Voluntary Seafood Inspection Service

Question 7

NOAA

Answer 7

National Oceanic Atmospheric Association

Question 8

what does VSIP do

Answer 8

inspection for quality and sanitation
certification program for international export
HACCP training/ assistance is offered

Question 9

T/F products from processing plants in inspection programs are stamped

Answer 9

true

Question 10

problems with seafood

Answer 10

deterioration

health risks

Question 11

which bacteria is/are halophilic (require saltwater)

Answer 11

Vibrio vulnificus + parahaemolyticus

Question 12

Vibrio vulnificus + parahaemolyticus: reservoir

Answer 12

coastal waters

Question 13

Vibrio vulnificus + parahaemolyticus: transmission

Answer 13

vehicle: raw, improperly cooked seafood/oysters
direct: infection through wounds

Question 14

Vibrio vulnificus + parahaemolyticus: clinical signs

Answer 14

diarrhea, cramps, vomiting, fever

Dz by infection and toxin production

Question 15

Vibrio vulnificus + parahaemolyticus: prevention

Answer 15

target the vehicle

target the reservoir: close waters when abundant

Question 16

Diphyllobothrium latum: intermediate host

Answer 16

many fish: trout, perch, salmon, pike

Question 17

Diphyllobothrium latum: definitive host

Answer 17

many mammal species: humans, canids, felids, mustelids, bears

Question 18

Diphyllobothrium latum: clinical signs

Answer 18

minor, bloating, anemia

Question 19

T/F Diphyllobothrium latumis the largest human tapeworm

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Diphyllobothrium latum: transmission

Answer 20

raw infected fresh water or anadromous fish: ceviche, sushi, pickled herring

Question 21

Diphyllobothrium latum: prevention

Answer 21

cook or freeze fish

Question 22

Anisakis spp

Answer 22

nematode

adult worms burrow in stomach lining

Question 23

Anisakis spp: intermediate host

Answer 23

crustaceans, eaten by fish, or squid

Question 24

Anisakis spp: definitive hosts

Answer 24

marine mammals

humans

Question 25

Anisakis spp: reservoir

Answer 25

definitive and intermediate hosts

Question 26

Anisakis spp: clinical signs

Answer 26

tingling in throat, cough up or pull out worm | acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

Question 27

what can Anisakis spp mimic

Answer 27

appendicitis, Crohn's, or stomach cancer

Question 28

Anisakis spp: transmission

Answer 28

vehicle: raw infected fish worldwide ceviche, sushi, pickled herring

Question 29

Anisakis spp: prevention

Answer 29

cook or freeze fish

Question 30

Scombrotoxin

Answer 30

Histamine Fish Poisoning spoilage + poor storage (warm temp) bacterial enzymes convert histidine on/in fish to histamine

Question 31

T/F: cooking/freezing kill the bacteria and inactivates the histamine

Answer 31

false

Question 32

Scombrotoxin vehicle

Answer 32

fin fish: tuna, mackerel, bonito, mahi mahi, marlin, bluefish

Question 33

Scombrotoxin: clinical signs

Answer 33

sudden onset | burning, swelling of mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, pruritus, rash, abdominal cramps

Question 34

Scombrotoxin: treatment

Answer 34

none: self limiting

Question 35

Scombrotoxin: prevention

Answer 35

proper handling | chilling after catching and during storage

Question 36

Tetrodotoxin

Answer 36

Pufferfish poisoning vasopressor and neurotoxin only pufferfish (Fugu)

Question 37

Tetrodotoxin: vehicle

Answer 37

liver, ovaries, and skin of pufferfish

Question 38

Tetrodotoxin: clinical signs

Answer 38

paralysis, die of asphyxiation | death within 20 min

Question 39

Tetrodotoxin: prevention

Answer 39

aquaculture pufferfish are poison free | possible unknown bacteria caused poison to accumulate in pufferfish