Meat Inspection II Flashcards
postmortem inspection
ASAP after carcass dressing
consumer safety first priority
disease surveillance important
Disposition depends upon severity of disease, whether or not disease is reportable, level of zoonotic risk, and aesthetic value
methods for PM inspection
sight
feel
smell
hearing
sight
observing a disease lesion (abscess, tumor)
feel
palpating (feel abnormal lump, firmness of organ)
smell
urine odor (uremia), broken abscess
hearing
listen to carcass hit the floor
lymph nodes
primary importance in organoleptic detection of disease is the lymphatic system
diseased organisms or toxins begin to spread around the body, the lymph nodes are among the first tissues to become visibly affected
PM inspection steps involved:
head inspection
viscera inspection
carcass inspection
head inspection
masseter muscle-slice
lymph nodes- incised
tongue- palpated
viscera inspection
heart-cut into left ventricle
lungs- palpate and incise 3 mediastinal nodes and tracheobronchial nodes
liver- hepatic nodes incised, open bile ducts, palpate all surfaces
digestive tract
mesenteric LN
palpate rumino-reticular junction (hardware)
observe all other organs
carcass inspection
Observe back, sides, pleura, peritoneum, cut surfaces of carcass, and neck muscles
Palpate internal iliac and superficial inguinal or supramammary lymph nodes
Observe and palpate kidneys
Observe and palpate diaphragm
SRM
Specified Risk Material
defined as “inedible”
classified based upon risk of BSE transmission to humans
what are classified as SRM
All ages: tonsils and distal ileum If >30 mos, also: – Brain, skull, eyes – Trigeminal ganglia – Spinal cord – Vertebral column (most of it) – Dorsal root ganglia
generally unfit for food it contains…
Infectious agent or toxins
Morbid tissue
Discolored tissue
Abnormalities involving several organs (Inflammation, degeneration, neoplasia)
Evidence of abnormal systemic physiological states (fever, ketosis, etc.)
true/false: carcasses with signs of systemic disease are condemned
true
trimming
permitted when there is local involvement with diseases not transmissible to humans
passed with restrictions
risk is minor and can be mitigated by cooking, freezing, etc.
condemned if liver is…
Abscesses Fasciolosis Cirrhosis Contamination with dirt, feces Hydatid cyst, Echinococcus granulosus
true/false: fatty liver may be passes for food
true
true/false: parasitic scars are not passed even after trimming
false: may be passed after trimming
tuberculosis
TB reactors require extended postmortem exam
Entire carcass is condemned if there are lesions that are active, extensive, or in multiple tissues
carcass with tuberculosis can be passed with restrictions (cooking) if…
All lesions are localized and encapsulated/calcified
Cattle are TB reactors but free of lesions
taenia saginata
localized lesions: trim + restricted
extensive lesions: condemned
taenia solium
almost always generalized: carcass condemned
neoplasia
Epithelioma: SCC, extensive: condemned, localized: condemn head and tongue but rest may be passed
malignant neoplasia: condemned
embryonal nephroma- benign (swine) tim affected parts
true/false: SCC is a leading cause of PM condemnation
true
pigmentation changes/ discoloration
melanosis: not excessive trim and pass; icterus- condemn
bruises
localized- trim
associated with systemic change- condemn
emaciation
condemn
PPIA
poultry products inspection act
requires inspection of poultry and poultry products
PPIA exemptions
Slaughter and processing for personal use
Retail dealers that only cut up chicken carcasses into parts and sell to consumers
Farmers who raise
transporting poultry
Transported in crates
Highly susceptible to suffocation
Poultry can freeze to death or overheat
Chickens and turkeys – transport increases fecal excretion of Salmonella
antemortem inspection of poultry
Poultry are inspected as “lots” – all of the birds from one poultry house on one farm
Poultry are viewed in the coops
All birds arriving dead = condemned!
Suspect birds are segregated and slaughtered separately
symptoms seen on antemortem inspection f poultry
Swelling about the head and eyes Edema of the wattles Gasping and sneezing Off‐colored feces Diarrhea Skin lesions Lameness or fractures Torticollis (e.g., wry neck) Bone or joint enlargement
poultry processing
Only healthy birds should be processed
Care taken when removing digestive organs
Eviscerated carcasses chilled ASAP
Personnel hygiene and constant cleaning of equipment is vital
steps in poultry processing
Live poultry are hung by the legs
Stunning by electricity
Throat is immediately cut (by machine)
Scalded to remove feathers
further processing of poultry
Head and feet are removed and discarded Evisceration is usually done by machines Veterinary inspection is required prior to any further processing edible vs inedible organs sorted spray washing of carcasses chilled immediately after processing
true/false PM inspection is required in poultry
true
poultry specific diseases
Chlamydia psittaci
Mycobacterium avium (“TB”) – condemn
Leukosis complex- Mareks, condemn
Airsacculitis – condemn if extensive
