Seably | Bridge Resource Management

Question 1

What is Bridge Resource Management?

Answer 1

It can be broken down into three categories:
1. Equipment
2. Decision making aids
3. Personnel

Question 2

What are the main objectives to the ISM Code?

Answer 2

1. Increasing safety at sea and preventing human injury or loss of life
2. Promoting safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment to reduce damage to property
3. Avoiding damage to the environment by correct management
4. Continuous improvements to safety at sea by updating awareness and monitoring

Question 3

What does the SMS set out to do?

Answer 3

The SMS provides the details that the framework of the ISM code demands by setting out the Safety and Environmental protection policies and procedures to be followed by all workers.

Question 4

What link does the SMS have to bridge work practices?

Answer 4

It should form the basis of the standing orders for the bridge.

Question 5

What does MLC set out to do?

Answer 5

To set minimum global standards for seafarers working and living conditions.

Question 6

The human element can be distilled into the ‘deadly dozen’ - 12 factors that are considered a risk on the bridge, what are they?

Answer 6

1. Fatigue
2. Distractions
3. Capability
4. Complacency
5. Fitness for duty
6. Situational awareness
7. Pressure
8. Teamwork
9. Local practices
10. Safety culture
11. Communication
12. Alerting

Question 7

As an individual, what are the five main areas of focus for the human element of mistakes?

Answer 7

1. Fatigue
2. Distraction
3. Capability
4. Complacency
5. Fitness for duty

Question 8

List the circumstances and conditions that may influence the make of a bridge team.

Answer 8

1. State of visibility and weatehr conditions
2. Traffic density
3. Traffic separation schemes
4. Size of vessel
5. Bridge configuration
6. Workload
7. Fitness for duty
8. Experience of the team
9. OOW familiarity with the equipment and procedures
10. Manoeuvring characteristics
11. Masters confidence in the team

Question 9

What is the range scale accuracy standard for radars?

Answer 9

30m or 1% of range scale, whichever is the most

Question 10

What is the bearing accuracy standard for radars?

Answer 10

Bearing accuracy of 1 degree, target discrimation can be as high as 2.5 degrees.

Question 11

The ARPA relies on an accurate feed of information, what information, for example, should be verified?

Answer 11

The correct log speed and gyro feed.

Question 12

What is a leaders role?

Answer 12

To set the rules of conduct and to establish the values of the working environment.

Question 13

What is important to ensure a team works in mutually supportive ways?

Answer 13

The development of skills that permit effective interaction, communications and teamwork.

Question 14

Complete the sentence - ‘The Master has the full authority…’

Answer 14

‘…to make proper decisions according to the circumstances’

Question 15

In brief, what is the Nominal Group Management Technique?

Answer 15

• Minimal verable interaction
• Groups no larger than 9
• Group asked to write ideas in response to a question
• Group individually verbalise ideas
• Group ranks them in order individually
• Avergae ranking is basis for groups decision

Question 16

Dscribe the Delphi Decision Making management technique.

Answer 16

Generally used when the team cannot attend meeting. Each group member provides comments suggestions to questions/problems. This is then shared and a further round of comments/suggestion entails.

Question 17

How often should the Emergency steering system be tested and may this entail?

Answer 17

The system should be tested every 3 months and recorded on the official log book. Crew should be well practised such as checking the gyro repeaters, and actually steering the yacht whilst underway.

Question 18

What may the OOW no longer be appraised of when losing situational awareness?

Answer 18

• Ships course or speed
• Ships positiona and proximity to hazards
• Actions or intentions of other vessels
• Own action for collision avoidance
• Weather conditions

Question 19

Its important to recognise when a crew member has lost situational awareness, what may these factors be?

Answer 19

• Unnecessary distractions from internal sources
• Multiple alarms
• Failure of propulsion and/or bridge equipment
• Emergency situations
• High density traffic
• Fatigue and stress

Question 20

How can fatigue be managed?

Answer 20

• Limiting overtime
• Avoid using watchkeepers during rest periods when other crew are awake
• Providing compensatory rest for crew showing signs of fatigue
• Providing meaningful recreational facilities

Question 21

What is one method to over come a potentially stressful situation onboard?

Answer 21

When assigning or if you have been assigned a task, share the task with another crew member - a sense of isolation is removed, provides a support network amongst the crew and there may be opportunity to discuss problems.

Question 22

In a MOB situation, what may the ‘look-out’ be tasked with?

Answer 22

1. Releasing the life buoy and marker
2. Actively look for the person in the water, as they have good elevation and eyes have adjusted to the conditions

The actions allow the OOW to press the necessary buttons on the AIS, GNSS and ECDIS systems, and manoeuvre the vessel.

Question 23

What is the general requirement for voyage planning? ‘The intended voyage…’

Answer 23

The intended voyage shall be planned in advance, taking into consideration all pertinent information, and any course laid down shall be checked before the voyage commences.

Question 24

If a decision is made, during a voyage, to change the planned route, then an amended route sahll be planned prior…

Answer 24

‘…prior to deviating substantially from tthe route originally planned.’

Question 25

What are the watchkeeping principles?

Answer 25

1. proper arrangements for watchkeeping personnel
2. any limitation/qualification taken into account
3. understaindg of watchkeeping personnel and their roles
4. Master, C/E and OOW shall maintain proper watch
5. watchkeeping personnel shall understand operation of equipment
6. watchkeeping personnel sahll understand the information available to them
7. watchkeeping personnel shall exchange communications in any situation
8. watchkeeping personnel shall notify the Master when in doubt