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Lab Animal > Sea Turtles > Flashcards

Sea Turtles Flashcards

1
Q

What do Loggerheads eat?

A

molluscs, crabs

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2
Q

Loggerhead sea turtles-weight

A

100-180kg

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3
Q

Loggerheads-endangered or threatened?

A
  • some endangered

- our northern atlantic population threatened

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4
Q

The loggerhead’s beak is suited for ____________

A

crushing

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5
Q

Kemp’s Ridley distribution

A
  • Gulf of Mexico
  • Atlantic
  • Rancho Nuevo nesting concentration
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6
Q

Most numerous sea turtle

A

Olive ridley

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7
Q

Ridley Sea Turtle diet

A

Crabs, molluscs, fish

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8
Q

Arribadas

A

large nesting aggregations

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9
Q

Ridley Sea Turtles-weight

A

35-50kg

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10
Q

What are the largest hardshelled sea turtles?

A

Green sea turtles & loggerheads

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11
Q

Distribution of Green Sea Turtles

A

Circumglobal

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12
Q

Most herbivorous sea turtles?

A

Green Sea Turtles

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13
Q

What populations of Green Sea Turtles are endangered?

A

Florida and Pacific Mexico populations

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14
Q

These sea turtles are “grazers”

A

Green Sea Turtles

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15
Q

The most tropical sea turtles are ___________

A

Hawksbill Sea Turtles

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16
Q

Hawksbill Sea Turtles-weight

A

60-80kg

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17
Q

Hawksbill Sea Turtle distribution

A

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans & Gulf of Mexico

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18
Q

Which sea turtles are spongivores?

A

Hawksbill Sea Turtles

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19
Q

Hawksbill Sea Turtle - endangered or threatened?

A

endangered

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20
Q

Distribution of Flatback Sea Turtles

A

Australia

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21
Q

Flatback Sea Turtles and __________ Sea Turtles are most closely related

A

Green

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22
Q

Flatback Sea Turtle-weight

A

up to 90 kg

23
Q

What do leatherback sea turtles eat?

A

jellyfish

24
Q

Leatherback Sea Turtle distribution

A

Circumglobal; widest latitudinal range

25
Q

Leatherback sea turtles-endangered or threatened?

A

endangered

26
Q

Structures used to key out sea turtles

A

prefrontal, lateral, vertebral, and inframarginal scutes

27
Q

Which turtles have inframarginal pores or Rathke’s glands?

A

Ridleys

28
Q

Why is it important to consider the shell is vascular, metabolically active tissue?

A

Need to consider it because of drug calculations and pain management

29
Q

The plastron is derived from what structure?

A

scapula, interscapula, gastralia

30
Q

T/F Scutes do not correspond to underlying bone

A

True

31
Q

Leatherback jaws/tomium are adapted for _______

A

slicing

32
Q

Describe anatomy/physiology of respiration in sea turtles

A
  • No diaphragm
  • Respiration is NOT dependent on negative thoracic pressure
  • lung expansion is affected by the muscles surrounding the limbs
  • complete tracheal rings and a short trachea
  • lungs are dorsal and extend far caudal
33
Q

Sex determination in sea turtles

A

warm temp-F
cooler temp-M

pivotal temperature around 29 C

34
Q

Location of pelvic and pectoral girdles in sea turtles

A

within rib cage

35
Q

Sea turtle heart

A

Three chambered; two atria, one ventricle

36
Q

Dimorphic characteristics of adult sea turtles

A
  • tail length
  • curved first digit of males for holding on to F
  • plastron softening of males in breeding season
37
Q

Purpose of well-developed esophageal papilla

A

keep food down while allowing sea water out

38
Q

Loggerhead distribution

A

Patchy

  • N & SW Indian Ocean
  • E Australia
  • Japan
  • SE US
  • Mediterranean
  • S Brazil
39
Q

Species with papilla extending into oral cavity

A

leatherback

40
Q

Sea turtle restraint principles

A
  • don’t grab flippers-can dislocate shoulder joint
  • carapace can be used for handle
  • tire restraint
  • back restraint plus tie down (but be careful flipping back over the same way so as to avoid torsion and recognize their weight will be on lungs)
  • anesthesia
41
Q

Anesthetic agents for use in sea turtles

A
  • Medetomidine/dexmedetomidine, ketamine
  • atipamezole for reversal
  • sevoflurane
  • propofol for induction/short procedures
42
Q

Venipuncture sites for turtles

A
  1. external jugular vein (dorsal cervical sinus)
  2. interdigital v.
  3. dorsal caudal (tail) vein in males
  4. femoral vein/rete (Leatherbacks)
  5. subcarapacial vein/sinus-freshwater turtles
43
Q

Ca/P ratio in turtles?

A
  • may be mildly inverted (but still close to 1:1)

- pronounced inversion may be due to malnourishment, cold stuns, and captive green turtles on squid and fish diets

44
Q

BUN is normally high in most turtles, EXCEPT______?

A

green and leatherback turtles

45
Q

Hematocrit in sea turtles?

A

increases w/ age

46
Q

Maturational effects on clin path in juvenile green sea turtles

A
  • light plasma pigmentation after settling and switching to herbivory
  • Incr. w/ size: Cr, TP, Alb, glob, triglycerides, and iron
  • Decr. w/ size: Cl, BUN, Ca, ALP
47
Q

Sea turtles w/ widest latitudinal range

A

Leatherback

48
Q

Most tropical sea turtle

A

Hawksbill

49
Q

Fibropapillomatosis primarily affects what turtles?

A

Greens in Florida and Hawaii; new hotspot in South Texas

50
Q

Possible vectors of fibropapillomatosis

A

leeches, cleaner wrasses

51
Q

Dimorphic characteristics of adult turtles

A

longer tail; downward-curved first digit of foreflipper

52
Q

Why do you need to make sure to do a direct fecal exam?

A

trematodes sink

53
Q

Concern with bad carapace fractures

A

could affect lungs due to dorsal location of lungs

Lab Animal (10 decks)

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