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Rodent Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of GI hypomotility/stasis in a guinea pig

A
  • inadequate dietary fiber
  • anything causing pain, anorexia/inability to eat
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2
Q

You should NOT give prokinetics if __________

A

animal has GI obstruction

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3
Q

Treatment for ileus in a GP

A
  • fluids
  • pain management (b/c humane and pain itself causes GI hypomotility)
  • assisted feeding
  • Vitamin C
  • +/- prokinetics if not obstructed
    • metaclopramide
    • cisapride
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4
Q

Antibiotic-associated enterotoxemia in GP is usually a result of _________________

A

Clostridium difficile toxin

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5
Q

Etiologic agent of Tyzzer’s disease

A

Clostridium piliforme

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6
Q

Causes of bacterial enteritis in GP

A
  • Salmonella
  • Tyzzer’s (C. piliforme)
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7
Q

Endoparasites that GP get

A
  • coccidia
  • roundworms
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8
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in guinea pigs

A
  • penicillin
  • ampicillin
  • lincomycin
  • chlortetracycline
  • clindamycin
  • erythromycin
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9
Q

Hemorrhagic typhlocolitis in guinea pig

A

typical of toxin production; consistent with antibiotic associated enterotoxemia

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10
Q

Name a pathogen that might cause spots on the liver

A

Salmonella

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11
Q

Name antibiotics that are appropriate for use in GP

A
  • TMS
  • chloramphenicol
  • enrofloxacin
  • azithromycin
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12
Q

Symptoms of malocclusion

A
  • weight loss
  • anorexia (apparent or real)
  • +/- ptyalism (slobbers)
  • +/- facial dermatitis
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13
Q

What is an indicator of heat stress in rodents?

A

excess salivation

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14
Q

Malocclusion in GP is usually due to _________

A

molar issues

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15
Q

Bacterial enteritis in GP is usually caused by ______________

A

S. typhimurium

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16
Q

Abscesses are associated with malocclusion, especially in what species?

A

rabbits

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17
Q

What causes of diarrhea in a GP are associated with a concern for zoonosis?

A

Crypto, Salmonella

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18
Q

How is S. typhimurim transmitted?

A

fecal contamination of feed

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19
Q

Pathology associated with salmonellosis in GP

A
  • often no gross lesions
  • enlarged spleen & liver +/- yellow spots
  • increased intestinal gas and fluid
  • necrotic foci in spleen, liver, mesenteric LN
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20
Q

Bacterial pneumonia in guinea pigs is usually caused by what two agents?

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae

*usually an underlying viral etiology

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21
Q

Clinical presentation of respiratory disease in a GP

A
  • subclinical
  • anorexia
  • weight loss
  • coughing, sneezing, nasal/ocular discharge
  • dyspnea-acute death
  • may cause otitis–>head tilt
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22
Q

Bordetella is especially bad in what species?

A

guinea pig

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23
Q

Mucopurulent rhinitis & otitis media in the GP are consistent with ______________

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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24
Q

Fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis, and otitis in a GP are consistent with ______________

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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25
Q

What would be least appropriate for treatment of respiratory disease in a GP?

a. TMS
b. azithromycin
c. ampicillin
d. enrofloxacin
e. docycycline

A

c. ampicillin

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26
Q

Culture & sensitivity or serology is good for detecting what respiratory pathogen?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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27
Q

Direct smears (tracea, bronchi) are best for detecting what pathogen?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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28
Q

Top differentials for older GP with progressive loss of appetite, weight loss, +/- PU/PD, hematuria and dysuria or “sudden” death.

A
  • chronic renal disease or failure (chronic interstitital nephritis)
  • urolithiasis
  • other things associated with anorexia/weight loss
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29
Q

Urinary calculi in GP are usually composed of what?

A

Calcium carbonate

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30
Q

Predisposing factors to urinary calcui in GP

A
  • urethral plugs (old boars)
  • older sows
  • high calcium or Ca:P imbalance in diet
  • bacterial infection
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31
Q

Ddx for urinary calculi in GP

A

cystitis (which is relatively common and minor)

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32
Q

Acidify urine in GP to treat calculi?

A

NO

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33
Q

Chronic renal amyloidosis in GP is associated with _____________

A

Staph pododermatitis

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34
Q

Diagnosis of chronic interstitial nephritis in GP

A
  • +/- “lumpy kidneys”
  • urinalysis
  • serum biochemistry
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35
Q

What do you need to evaluate in a GP with dystocia?

A

pubic symphysis

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36
Q

Only use oxytocin in GP if symphysis separation is _______

A

>20-25mm

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37
Q

Breed GP before ______ months of age

A

7-8

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38
Q

Predisposing factors to dystocia in GP

A
  • late breeding
  • obesity
  • large fetuses
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39
Q

Dermatologic ddx in GP

A
  • dermatophytosis
  • acariasis (fur mites) – usu. subclinical
  • pediculosis (lice) – usu. subclinical
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40
Q

Non-dermatologic R/Os for alopecia in GP

A
  • intensive breeding
  • ovarian cysts
  • barbering/self-barbering
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41
Q

Treatment for cervical lymphadenitis in GP

A

surgical excision of lymph nodes

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42
Q

Etiologic agent of cervical lymphadenitis in GP

A

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

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43
Q

R/Os for cervical lymphadenitis

A

abscess, neoplasia

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44
Q

Predisposing factors to cervical lymphadenitis

A
  • malocclusion
  • rough hay
  • stress
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45
Q

Predisposing factors for pododermatitis

A
  • obesity
  • poor husbandry
  • wire bottom caging, abrasive bedding
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46
Q

R/O for pododermatiitis

A

osteomyelitis

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47
Q

Prognosis for pododermatitis

A

guarded

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48
Q

“BIG THINGS” to remember for guinea pigs

A
  • vitamin C
  • GI tract-antibiotic sensitivity, ileus
  • dental disease
  • respiratory disease
  • skin
  • urolithiasis
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49
Q

Pathology of hypovitaminosis C

A
  • hemorrhages into subperiosteum, SQ, skeletal muscle, intestine
  • enlarged epiphyses-long bones
  • enlarged CCJ
  • pathological fractures
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50
Q

Malocclusion in rats is usually due to ________

A

incisor problem

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51
Q

Do molars grow continuously in rats?

52
Q

Do molars grow continuously in GP?

53
Q

___________ causes murine respiratory mycoplasmosis

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

54
Q

Describe clinical symptoms of a rat with Mycoplasma pulmonis

A
  • SRS (hunched, rough haircoat, weight loss)
  • “snuffling/chattering”, nasal discharge, head tilt, squinting, chromodacryorrhea
  • polypnea, dyspnea
55
Q

What respiratory pathogen in rats has intrauterine transmission and can cause infertility?

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

56
Q

May cause an acute pneumonia in rats

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

57
Q

Pathology associated with murine respiratory mycoplasmosis

A
  • otitis media
  • atelectasis, bronchiectasis, consolidation of lungs, bronchial abscess
58
Q

Tx for M. pulmonis

A
  • enrofloxacin, doxycycline
  • azithromycin
  • in vitro sensitivity to tetracycline, tylosin
59
Q

Other respiratory pathogens (aka often coinfection with M. pulnonis) in rats include:

A
  • Sendai virus
  • cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CAR)
  • Corynebacterium kutscheri
60
Q

Treatment for rat chronic respiratory disease

A
  • doxycycline +/or enrofloxacin
    • doxy also has anti-inflammatory properties
  • azithromycin
61
Q

Prevention of chronic progressive nephrosis

A

caloric restriction?

62
Q

S. aureus dermatitis is usually secondary to ____________ in pet rats

A

ectoparasites

63
Q

Do rats fight commonly?

64
Q

Drugs effective against pinworms

A
  • ivermectin
  • fenbendazole-in feed convenient
  • selamectin
65
Q

A local pet store contacts you about a new shipment of mice. There are several adult female pruritic mice with variable alopecia, scabbing, and crusting around ears and neck. What is the most likely underlying cause?

A

fur mites

(pet mice-top ddx ectoparasites)

66
Q

What is the role of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione in “mouse ulcerative dermaitis”?

A

antioxidants

67
Q

Cause of proliferative ileitis

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

68
Q

Other ddx for “wet tail” in hamsters

A
  • clostridial enterotoxemia (similar to GP; Antibiotic-associated)
  • colibacillosis
  • salmonelosis
  • Tyzzer’s
69
Q

Possible sequellae associated with proliferative ileitis

A
  • chronic, inapparent infection
  • rectal prolapse
  • intussussception
70
Q

Stain for amyloid?

71
Q

Important behavioral issues associated with hamsters

A
  • cannabalism of young
  • fighting
72
Q

Lethargy, rough haircoat, +/- watery diarrhea, and death in a gerbil is most likely due to ____________

A

Tyzzer’s

Clostridium piliforme

73
Q

Silver stain is used for _______________

A

Clostridium piliforme

74
Q

Transmission of Clostridium piliforme

A

fecal-oral

75
Q

How do you treat gerbils with seizures?

A

no treatment-no need and will likely die from treatment with anti-seizure drugs

76
Q

“tail slip” occurs in what species?

77
Q

What is tail slip?

A

loss of hair/skin on tail caused by picking the gerbil up by its tail

78
Q

“Sore nose” in gerbils is caused by ____________

A

high environmental humidity (>50%)

79
Q

Etiology of MHV

A

a coronavirus

80
Q

MHV is seen in what age mice?

A

mostly pre-weanlings

81
Q

Pathology of MHV

A
  • absence of milk in stomach of sucklings
  • flaccid, distended gut
  • +/- pale liver with pale spots (multifocal necrosis)
82
Q

Clinical signs and PE findings of what else look similar to GI stasis in guinea pigs? how do you distinguish?

A

gastric/cecal dilatation/torsion look similar. Distinguish with abdominal imaging

83
Q

Clinical signs of Tyzzer’s dz in GP

A
  • lethargy/anorexia
  • diarrhea
  • unthrifty appearance
  • acute death
84
Q

C. piliforme culture considerations

A

does not grow on routine media

85
Q

Definitive dx of C. piliforme?

A

histopath ID of organisms on liver or intestinal sections

86
Q

Y. pseudotuberculosis pathology

A

abscesses of intestine, liver, regional LN

87
Q

Fecal impactions in guinea pigs-most common in what group?

A

older guinea pigs; especially boars

88
Q

Best ways to get diagnostic C/S samples for respiratory dz in guinea pigs

A

tracheal secretions, bronchoalveolar lavage, or fresh necropsy specimen bronchopulmonary region

89
Q

Rad findings in GP with respiratory disease

A

opacity within tympanic bullae or lungs

90
Q

Species that can be asymptomatic carriers of B. bronchiseptica

A

Rabbits, dogs, nonhuman primates

91
Q

Other lesions often identified with renal lesions in GP

A

Cardiac lesions (epicarditis, myocardidits, fibrosis, pericarditis, ventricular dilation)

92
Q

Treatment of pregnancy ketosis in GP

A

IV or IO isotonic fluids with dextrose; oral glucose; NUTRITION(critical care formulas)

93
Q

Success of treating pregnancy toxemia/ketosis?

A
  • generally not successful
94
Q

Prevention of preg. toxemia in GP

A
  • avoid stress/obesity/diet changes or environment changes in late pregnacy
  • increase CHO during last 2 wks gestation and early postpartum
  • exercise encouragement before breeding to minimize obesity
  • avoid postpartum breedings
95
Q

Mammary tumors in GP

A
  • 50% malignant but metastasis not common
  • boars as well as sows
  • usually fibroadenomas
96
Q

Clinical signs of dematophytosis in GP

A

scaly, patchy lesions on feet, face, dorsum

  • circular areas of alopecia; pruritic
97
Q

Dx of dermatophytosis

A

fungal culture of hair pluck or skin scraping; req. dermatophyte test medium

98
Q

Are there products labeled for GP for ectoparasite treatment?

99
Q

How do GP get cervical lymphadenitis?

A

normal flora of oropharyngeal/nasal region–>mucosal abrasion–>invasion of deeper tissues & cervical LN

100
Q

Dx of cervical lymphadenitis in GP

A
  • impression smear & gram stain (G+ cocci chains)
  • culture exudate (B-hemolytic)
101
Q

Most common tumors of GP

A

Trichofolliculomas; males; often incorporate the scent glands; excision usually curative; benign

102
Q

Treatment of a fibropapilloma of ear canal in GP

A

nothing-usually resolve spontaneously

103
Q

Most common malignancy in a GP

104
Q

What disease agents are associated with otitis media?

A
  • B. bronchiseptica
  • S. zooepidemicus
  • S. pneumoniae
  • sometimes M. pulmonis
105
Q

Symptoms of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in GP

A
  • meningitis
  • hind limb paralysis
106
Q

Average mouse lifespan

A

1.5-2.5 years

107
Q

Average rat lifespan

108
Q

Average hamster lifespan

A

1.5-2 years

109
Q

Average gerbil lifespan

110
Q

Mammary tumors in rats

A
  • almost always benign fibroadenoma
  • generally well-tolerated until large and ulcerated/interfering with locomotion
  • Sx, consider OVH
    • recurrence common
111
Q

S. moniliformis & Spirillum minor cause ________in humans

A

Rat-bite fever

112
Q

Transmission of SDAV

A

direct contact or aerosol

113
Q

CS of SDAV in rats

A
  • inflammation/edema of cervical salivary glands
  • rhinitis, sneezing
  • secondary ocular signs d/t lacrimal dysfuntion
114
Q

Three major respiratory pathogens in rats

A
  • Mycoplasma pulmonis
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Corynebacterium kutscheri
115
Q

Chronic progressive nephrosis (rats) occurs earlier and is worse in what sex?

116
Q

MHV transmission

A
  • fecal-oral
  • aerosolization
  • fomites
117
Q

Top ddx for diarrhea in adult hamster?

A

C. difficile; antibiotic administration-associated

118
Q

C. difficile may cause hemorrhagic ileocolitis in _______

119
Q

Weight loss in older hamsters usually associated with ________________

A

hepatic or renal amyloidosis

120
Q

Is renal amyloidosis more common in male or female hamster?

121
Q

_________have ventral abdominal marking glands

122
Q

Cause of gerbil seizures

A
  • inherited deficiency of cerebral glutamine synthase
123
Q

What rodents are susceptible to streptomycin toxicity?

124
Q

________ are susceptible to streptomycin and procaine toxicity

125
Q

Pasteurella pneumotropica causes ______ in mice

A

conjunctivits

126
Q

What are Kurloff bodies?

A
  • mononuclear cells approximately the size of a large lymphocyte. They have a large, round, purple nucleus that is often eccentrically located and blue cytoplasm. The distinguishing characteristic of this cell is a very large, slightly granular, magenta, cytoplasmic inclusion body
  • normal in 2-4% of guinea pig lymphocytes

Lab Animal (10 decks)

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