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Rodent Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of GI hypomotility/stasis in a guinea pig

A
  • inadequate dietary fiber
  • anything causing pain, anorexia/inability to eat
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2
Q

You should NOT give prokinetics if __________

A

animal has GI obstruction

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3
Q

Treatment for ileus in a GP

A
  • fluids
  • pain management (b/c humane and pain itself causes GI hypomotility)
  • assisted feeding
  • Vitamin C
  • +/- prokinetics if not obstructed
    • metaclopramide
    • cisapride
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4
Q

Antibiotic-associated enterotoxemia in GP is usually a result of _________________

A

Clostridium difficile toxin

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5
Q

Etiologic agent of Tyzzer’s disease

A

Clostridium piliforme

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6
Q

Causes of bacterial enteritis in GP

A
  • Salmonella
  • Tyzzer’s (C. piliforme)
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7
Q

Endoparasites that GP get

A
  • coccidia
  • roundworms
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8
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in guinea pigs

A
  • penicillin
  • ampicillin
  • lincomycin
  • chlortetracycline
  • clindamycin
  • erythromycin
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9
Q

Hemorrhagic typhlocolitis in guinea pig

A

typical of toxin production; consistent with antibiotic associated enterotoxemia

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10
Q

Name a pathogen that might cause spots on the liver

A

Salmonella

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11
Q

Name antibiotics that are appropriate for use in GP

A
  • TMS
  • chloramphenicol
  • enrofloxacin
  • azithromycin
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12
Q

Symptoms of malocclusion

A
  • weight loss
  • anorexia (apparent or real)
  • +/- ptyalism (slobbers)
  • +/- facial dermatitis
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13
Q

What is an indicator of heat stress in rodents?

A

excess salivation

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14
Q

Malocclusion in GP is usually due to _________

A

molar issues

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15
Q

Bacterial enteritis in GP is usually caused by ______________

A

S. typhimurium

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16
Q

Abscesses are associated with malocclusion, especially in what species?

A

rabbits

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17
Q

What causes of diarrhea in a GP are associated with a concern for zoonosis?

A

Crypto, Salmonella

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18
Q

How is S. typhimurim transmitted?

A

fecal contamination of feed

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19
Q

Pathology associated with salmonellosis in GP

A
  • often no gross lesions
  • enlarged spleen & liver +/- yellow spots
  • increased intestinal gas and fluid
  • necrotic foci in spleen, liver, mesenteric LN
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20
Q

Bacterial pneumonia in guinea pigs is usually caused by what two agents?

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae

*usually an underlying viral etiology

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21
Q

Clinical presentation of respiratory disease in a GP

A
  • subclinical
  • anorexia
  • weight loss
  • coughing, sneezing, nasal/ocular discharge
  • dyspnea-acute death
  • may cause otitis–>head tilt
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22
Q

Bordetella is especially bad in what species?

A

guinea pig

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23
Q

Mucopurulent rhinitis & otitis media in the GP are consistent with ______________

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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24
Q

Fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis, and otitis in a GP are consistent with ______________

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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25
What would be least appropriate for treatment of respiratory disease in a GP? ## Footnote a. TMS b. azithromycin c. ampicillin d. enrofloxacin e. docycycline
c. ampicillin
26
Culture & sensitivity or serology is good for detecting what respiratory pathogen?
*Bordetella bronchiseptica*
27
Direct smears (tracea, bronchi) are best for detecting what pathogen?
*Streptococcus pneumoniae*
28
Top differentials for older GP with progressive loss of appetite, weight loss, +/- PU/PD, hematuria and dysuria or "sudden" death.
* chronic renal disease or failure (chronic interstitital nephritis) * urolithiasis * other things associated with anorexia/weight loss
29
Urinary calculi in GP are usually composed of what?
Calcium carbonate
30
Predisposing factors to urinary calcui in GP
* urethral plugs (old boars) * older sows * high calcium or Ca:P imbalance in diet * bacterial infection
31
Ddx for urinary calculi in GP
cystitis (which is relatively common and minor)
32
Acidify urine in GP to treat calculi?
NO
33
Chronic renal amyloidosis in GP is associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
*Staph pododermatitis*
34
Diagnosis of chronic interstitial nephritis in GP
* +/- "lumpy kidneys" * urinalysis * serum biochemistry
35
What do you need to evaluate in a GP with dystocia?
pubic symphysis
36
Only use oxytocin in GP if symphysis separation is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\>20-25mm
37
Breed GP before ______ months of age
7-8
38
Predisposing factors to dystocia in GP
* late breeding * obesity * large fetuses
39
Dermatologic ddx in GP
* dermatophytosis * acariasis (fur mites) -- usu. subclinical * pediculosis (lice) -- usu. subclinical
40
Non-dermatologic R/Os for alopecia in GP
* intensive breeding * ovarian cysts * barbering/self-barbering
41
Treatment for cervical lymphadenitis in GP
surgical excision of lymph nodes
42
Etiologic agent of cervical lymphadenitis in GP
*Streptococcus zooepidemicus*
43
R/Os for cervical lymphadenitis
abscess, neoplasia
44
Predisposing factors to cervical lymphadenitis
* malocclusion * rough hay * stress
45
Predisposing factors for pododermatitis
* obesity * poor husbandry * wire bottom caging, abrasive bedding
46
R/O for pododermatiitis
osteomyelitis
47
Prognosis for pododermatitis
guarded
48
"BIG THINGS" to remember for guinea pigs
* vitamin C * GI tract-antibiotic sensitivity, ileus * dental disease * respiratory disease * skin * urolithiasis
49
Pathology of hypovitaminosis C
* hemorrhages into subperiosteum, SQ, skeletal muscle, intestine * enlarged epiphyses-long bones * enlarged CCJ * pathological fractures
50
Malocclusion in rats is usually due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
incisor problem
51
Do molars grow continuously in rats?
no
52
Do molars grow continuously in GP?
yes
53
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ causes murine respiratory mycoplasmosis
*Mycoplasma pulmonis*
54
Describe clinical symptoms of a rat with *Mycoplasma pulmonis*
* SRS (hunched, rough haircoat, weight loss) * "snuffling/chattering", nasal discharge, head tilt, squinting, **chromodacryorrhea** * polypnea, dyspnea
55
What respiratory pathogen in rats has intrauterine transmission and can cause infertility?
*Mycoplasma pulmonis*
56
May cause an acute pneumonia in rats
*Streptococcus pneumoniae*
57
Pathology associated with murine respiratory mycoplasmosis
* otitis media * atelectasis, bronchiectasis, consolidation of lungs, bronchial abscess
58
Tx for *M. pulmonis*
* enrofloxacin, doxycycline * azithromycin * in vitro sensitivity to tetracycline, tylosin
59
Other respiratory pathogens (aka often coinfection with *M. pulnonis*) in rats include:
* Sendai virus * cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CAR) * *Corynebacterium kutscheri*
60
Treatment for rat chronic respiratory disease
* doxycycline +/or enrofloxacin * doxy also has anti-inflammatory properties * azithromycin
61
Prevention of chronic progressive nephrosis
caloric restriction?
62
*S. aureus* dermatitis is usually secondary to ____________ in pet rats
ectoparasites
63
Do rats fight commonly?
no
64
Drugs effective against pinworms
* ivermectin * fenbendazole-in feed convenient * selamectin
65
A local pet store contacts you about a new shipment of mice. There are several adult female pruritic mice with variable alopecia, scabbing, and crusting around ears and neck. What is the most likely underlying cause?
fur mites | (pet mice-top ddx ectoparasites)
66
What is the role of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione in "mouse ulcerative dermaitis"?
antioxidants
67
Cause of proliferative ileitis
*Lawsonia intracellularis*
68
Other ddx for "wet tail" in hamsters
* clostridial enterotoxemia (similar to GP; Antibiotic-associated) * colibacillosis * salmonelosis * Tyzzer's
69
Possible sequellae associated with proliferative ileitis
* chronic, inapparent infection * rectal prolapse * intussussception
70
Stain for amyloid?
congo red
71
Important behavioral issues associated with hamsters
* cannabalism of young * fighting
72
Lethargy, rough haircoat, +/- watery diarrhea, and death in a gerbil is most likely due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Tyzzer's ## Footnote *Clostridium piliforme*
73
Silver stain is used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Clostridium piliforme
74
Transmission of *Clostridium piliforme*
fecal-oral
75
How do you treat gerbils with seizures?
no treatment-no need and will likely die from treatment with anti-seizure drugs
76
"tail slip" occurs in what species?
gerbils
77
What is tail slip?
loss of hair/skin on tail caused by picking the gerbil up by its tail
78
"Sore nose" in gerbils is caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
high environmental humidity (\>50%)
79
Etiology of MHV
a coronavirus
80
MHV is seen in what age mice?
mostly pre-weanlings
81
Pathology of MHV
* absence of milk in stomach of sucklings * flaccid, distended gut * +/- pale liver with pale spots (multifocal necrosis)
82
Clinical signs and PE findings of what else look similar to GI stasis in guinea pigs? how do you distinguish?
gastric/cecal dilatation/torsion look similar. Distinguish with abdominal imaging
83
Clinical signs of Tyzzer's dz in GP
* lethargy/anorexia * diarrhea * unthrifty appearance * acute death
84
*C. piliforme* culture considerations
does not grow on routine media
85
Definitive dx of *C. piliforme*?
histopath ID of organisms on liver or intestinal sections
86
Y. pseudotuberculosis pathology
abscesses of intestine, liver, regional LN
87
Fecal impactions in guinea pigs-most common in what group?
older guinea pigs; especially boars
88
Best ways to get diagnostic C/S samples for respiratory dz in guinea pigs
tracheal secretions, bronchoalveolar lavage, or fresh necropsy specimen bronchopulmonary region
89
Rad findings in GP with respiratory disease
opacity within tympanic bullae or lungs
90
Species that can be asymptomatic carriers of *B. bronchiseptica*
Rabbits, dogs, nonhuman primates
91
Other lesions often identified with renal lesions in GP
Cardiac lesions (epicarditis, myocardidits, fibrosis, pericarditis, ventricular dilation)
92
Treatment of pregnancy ketosis in GP
IV or IO isotonic fluids with dextrose; oral glucose; NUTRITION(critical care formulas)
93
Success of treating pregnancy toxemia/ketosis?
* generally not successful
94
Prevention of preg. toxemia in GP
* avoid stress/obesity/diet changes or environment changes in late pregnacy * increase CHO during last 2 wks gestation and early postpartum * exercise encouragement before breeding to minimize obesity * avoid postpartum breedings
95
Mammary tumors in GP
* 50% malignant but metastasis not common * boars as well as sows * usually fibroadenomas
96
Clinical signs of dematophytosis in GP
scaly, patchy lesions on feet, face, dorsum * circular areas of alopecia; pruritic
97
Dx of dermatophytosis
fungal culture of hair pluck or skin scraping; req. dermatophyte test medium
98
Are there products labeled for GP for ectoparasite treatment?
no
99
How do GP get cervical lymphadenitis?
normal flora of oropharyngeal/nasal region--\>mucosal abrasion--\>invasion of deeper tissues & cervical LN
100
Dx of cervical lymphadenitis in GP
* impression smear & gram stain (G+ cocci chains) * culture exudate (B-hemolytic)
101
Most common tumors of GP
Trichofolliculomas; males; often incorporate the scent glands; excision usually curative; benign
102
Treatment of a fibropapilloma of ear canal in GP
nothing-usually resolve spontaneously
103
Most common malignancy in a GP
lymphoma
104
What disease agents are associated with otitis media?
* *B. bronchiseptica* * *S. zooepidemicus* * *S. pneumoniae* * sometimes *M. pulmonis*
105
Symptoms of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in GP
* meningitis * hind limb paralysis
106
Average mouse lifespan
1.5-2.5 years
107
Average rat lifespan
2-3 years
108
Average hamster lifespan
1.5-2 years
109
Average gerbil lifespan
2-4 years
110
Mammary tumors in rats
* almost always benign fibroadenoma * generally well-tolerated until large and ulcerated/interfering with locomotion * Sx, consider OVH * recurrence common
111
*S. moniliformis* & *Spirillum minor* cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_in humans
Rat-bite fever
112
Transmission of SDAV
direct contact or aerosol
113
CS of SDAV in rats
* inflammation/edema of cervical salivary glands * rhinitis, sneezing * secondary ocular signs d/t lacrimal dysfuntion
114
Three major respiratory pathogens in rats
* Mycoplasma pulmonis * S. pneumoniae * Corynebacterium kutscheri
115
Chronic progressive nephrosis (rats) occurs earlier and is worse in what sex?
males
116
MHV transmission
* fecal-oral * aerosolization * fomites
117
Top ddx for diarrhea in adult hamster?
*C. difficile;* antibiotic administration-associated
118
*C. difficile* may cause hemorrhagic ileocolitis in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
hamsters
119
Weight loss in older hamsters usually associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
hepatic or renal amyloidosis
120
Is renal amyloidosis more common in male or female hamster?
Female
121
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_have ventral abdominal marking glands
gerbils
122
Cause of gerbil seizures
* inherited deficiency of cerebral glutamine synthase
123
What rodents are susceptible to streptomycin toxicity?
Gerbils
124
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are susceptible to streptomycin and procaine toxicity
mice
125
*Pasteurella pneumotropica* causes ______ in mice
conjunctivits
126
What are Kurloff bodies?
* mononuclear cells approximately the size of a large lymphocyte. They have a large, round, purple nucleus that is often eccentrically located and blue cytoplasm. The distinguishing characteristic of this cell is a very large, slightly granular, magenta, cytoplasmic inclusion body * normal in 2-4% of guinea pig lymphocytes

Lab Animal (10 decks)

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