Intro to lab animal medicine

Question 1

Is the Animal Welfare Act limited to animals in research?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

Are the IACUC rules and regulations limited to animals in research?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

Who holds the responsibility for implementing the Animal Welfare Act?

Answer 3

USDA APHIS

“Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate standards”

Question 4

When did the Animal Welfare Act make changes in regulations, especially affecting research facilities, including IACUC and investigator training?

Answer 4

1985

Question 5

Definition of “animal” under the Animal Welfare Act

Answer 5

any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or any other warmblooded animal which is being used or is intended for use for research, teaching, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet

Question 6

Enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act is by?

Answer 6

unannounced inspections at least annually by APHIS VMOs

Question 7

Enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act on a day-to-day basis is done by _____

Answer 7

IACUC

Question 8

Who is responsible for implementing the Health Research Extension Act?

Answer 8

Department of Health and Human Services; Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare

Question 9

How is “animal” defined under the Health Research Extension Act?

Answer 9

any live vertebrate animal used or intended for use in research, research training, experimentation, or biological testing, or for related purposes

Question 10

How is “assurance of compliance” with the Health Research Extension Act handled?

Answer 10

• written Animal Welfare Assurance statement from institution to OLAW
• serious noncompliance may result in witholding or withdrawal of funding

Question 11

What is FASS?

Answer 11

Federation of Animal Science Societies

Question 12

What are three situations that the federal regulations “miss”?

Answer 12

• small colleges (e.g. Meredith)
• pharmaceutical companies
• use of animals on farms that is not agricultural

Question 13

Who is the individual at a research facitlity who is authorized to legally commit on behalf of the research facility?

Answer 13

the institutional official (IO)

Question 14

Why is TAU covered under the Animal Welfare Act?

Answer 14

because the animals are not used for food and fiber research but for teaching veterinary students

Question 15

USDA animal care is a unit within________

Answer 15

APHIS

responsible for upholding and enforcing AWA

Question 16

“categories” of animals covered under AWA

Answer 16

• exhibited to public
• bred for commercial sale
• used in medical research
• transported commercially

Question 17

AWA standards are found where?

Answer 17

Part 3 of 9CFR Subchapter A

Question 18

The standards of the AWA specify ________ (3 criteria) for each species

Answer 18

1. facilities and operating standards (e.g. indoor/outdoor, primary enclosures)
2. animal health and husbandry (e.g. feeding, watering, sanitation)
3. transportation

Question 19

Example of animal not covered by PHS policy?

Answer 19

invertebrates

Question 20

What is the principle standards document for the PHS policy?

Answer 20

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition (2011)

Question 21

A ‘typical’ institutional regulatory policy

Answer 21

• commitment to regulations and US Gov. Principles
• Centralized programs
• cover all vertebrate animals used in research, teaching, and testing, regardless of funding source

Question 22

Who is the IO for NCSU?

Answer 22

Vice Chancellor for Research

Question 23

Who is NOT a required IACUC member?

a. DVM
b. IO
c. Scientist
d. Non-scientist
e. Public (non-affiliated member)

Answer 23

B. Institutional Official

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an IACUC responsibility?

a. authority to suspend activities
b. evaluate animal facilities/programs
c. review/investigate concerns
d. conduct personnel training
e. review/approve animal-use protocols

Answer 24

D. Conduct personnel training

Question 25

What is the focus of lab animal medicine?

Answer 25

preventive medicine (disease prevention as well as subclinical "disease" (infection))

Question 26

What is the most common reason for rederivation instead of repopulation?

Answer 26

preservation of a valuable genetic stock/strain

Question 27

Methods for cleaning up disease outbreaks (clinical or subclinical)

Answer 27

* "burn-out" * test and cull * depopulation * rederivation (caesarian or embryo transfer) * neonatal transfer

Question 28

Issues/barriers to treating to clean up infectious disease outbreaks

Answer 28

* depends on agent/treatment efficacy * logistical issues (animal size, numbers) * effects on experiment * implications for colony animal welfare-"can we relieve sickness/stress/pain with treatment"

Question 29

What is an example of an outbreak where treatment would likely be instituted?

Answer 29

pinworms, fur mites

Question 30

The IACUC reports to the ______ with recommendations

Answer 30

IO

Question 31

What is the "key" objective of IACUC protocols?

Answer 31

avoid or minimize animal pain, distress, discomfort

Question 32

Personnel qualifications/training must include guidance in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

* humane methods of animal experimentation * methods that limit animal use and minimize pain & distress * proper use of analgesics, anesthetics, tranquilizers (AAT) * methods whereby deficiencies in animal care or treatment are reported * information sources

Question 33

Reasons that keeping animals pathogen-free is a challenge

Answer 33

* personnel with rodents at home * animal stress * experimentally-induced dz * vendors (error) * movement of animals between non-commercial institutions * vermin * transplantable tumors, cell lines, serum, etc.

Question 34

How are gnotobiotic animals housed?

Answer 34

Flexible firm isolaters with glove parts for cage/animal manipulations

Question 35

What are sentinel animals?

Answer 35

animals maintained in an animal room for the purpose of detecting infectious disease agents without sampling experimental animals

Question 36

What type of samples are submitted for PCR for disease detection?

Answer 36

feces, pharyngeal swabs, pelt swabs | (from sentinel or study animals)

Question 37

Who is responsible for ensuring that everyone that works with the animals is properly trained and qualified?

Answer 37

the research facility

Question 38

What animals are **excluded** from AWA?

Answer 38

* birds * rats (Rattus) * mice (Mus) * horses not used for research purposes * livestock/poultry intended for use as food or fiber

Question 39

Which act includes mice and rats?

Answer 39

PHS