Intro to lab animal medicine Flashcards
Is the Animal Welfare Act limited to animals in research?
no
Are the IACUC rules and regulations limited to animals in research?
yes
Who holds the responsibility for implementing the Animal Welfare Act?
USDA APHIS
“Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate standards”
When did the Animal Welfare Act make changes in regulations, especially affecting research facilities, including IACUC and investigator training?
1985
Definition of “animal” under the Animal Welfare Act
any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or any other warmblooded animal which is being used or is intended for use for research, teaching, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet
Enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act is by?
unannounced inspections at least annually by APHIS VMOs
Enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act on a day-to-day basis is done by _____
IACUC
Who is responsible for implementing the Health Research Extension Act?
Department of Health and Human Services; Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
How is “animal” defined under the Health Research Extension Act?
any live vertebrate animal used or intended for use in research, research training, experimentation, or biological testing, or for related purposes
How is “assurance of compliance” with the Health Research Extension Act handled?
- written Animal Welfare Assurance statement from institution to OLAW
- serious noncompliance may result in witholding or withdrawal of funding
What is FASS?
Federation of Animal Science Societies
What are three situations that the federal regulations “miss”?
- small colleges (e.g. Meredith)
- pharmaceutical companies
- use of animals on farms that is not agricultural
Who is the individual at a research facitlity who is authorized to legally commit on behalf of the research facility?
the institutional official (IO)
Why is TAU covered under the Animal Welfare Act?
because the animals are not used for food and fiber research but for teaching veterinary students
USDA animal care is a unit within________
APHIS
responsible for upholding and enforcing AWA
“categories” of animals covered under AWA
- exhibited to public
- bred for commercial sale
- used in medical research
- transported commercially
AWA standards are found where?
Part 3 of 9CFR Subchapter A
The standards of the AWA specify ________ (3 criteria) for each species
- facilities and operating standards (e.g. indoor/outdoor, primary enclosures)
- animal health and husbandry (e.g. feeding, watering, sanitation)
- transportation
Example of animal not covered by PHS policy?
invertebrates
What is the principle standards document for the PHS policy?
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition (2011)
A ‘typical’ institutional regulatory policy
- commitment to regulations and US Gov. Principles
- Centralized programs
- cover all vertebrate animals used in research, teaching, and testing, regardless of funding source
Who is the IO for NCSU?
Vice Chancellor for Research
Who is NOT a required IACUC member?
a. DVM
b. IO
c. Scientist
d. Non-scientist
e. Public (non-affiliated member)
B. Institutional Official
Which of the following is NOT an IACUC responsibility?
a. authority to suspend activities
b. evaluate animal facilities/programs
c. review/investigate concerns
d. conduct personnel training
e. review/approve animal-use protocols
D. Conduct personnel training
What is the focus of lab animal medicine?
preventive medicine (disease prevention as well as subclinical “disease” (infection))
What is the most common reason for rederivation instead of repopulation?
preservation of a valuable genetic stock/strain
Methods for cleaning up disease outbreaks (clinical or subclinical)
- “burn-out”
- test and cull
- depopulation
- rederivation (caesarian or embryo transfer)
- neonatal transfer
Issues/barriers to treating to clean up infectious disease outbreaks
- depends on agent/treatment efficacy
- logistical issues (animal size, numbers)
- effects on experiment
- implications for colony animal welfare-“can we relieve sickness/stress/pain with treatment”
What is an example of an outbreak where treatment would likely be instituted?
pinworms, fur mites
The IACUC reports to the ______ with recommendations
IO
What is the “key” objective of IACUC protocols?
avoid or minimize animal pain, distress, discomfort
Personnel qualifications/training must include guidance in __________
- humane methods of animal experimentation
- methods that limit animal use and minimize pain & distress
- proper use of analgesics, anesthetics, tranquilizers (AAT)
- methods whereby deficiencies in animal care or treatment are reported
- information sources
Reasons that keeping animals pathogen-free is a challenge
- personnel with rodents at home
- animal stress
- experimentally-induced dz
- vendors (error)
- movement of animals between non-commercial institutions
- vermin
- transplantable tumors, cell lines, serum, etc.
How are gnotobiotic animals housed?
Flexible firm isolaters with glove parts for cage/animal manipulations
What are sentinel animals?
animals maintained in an animal room for the purpose of detecting infectious disease agents without sampling experimental animals
What type of samples are submitted for PCR for disease detection?
feces, pharyngeal swabs, pelt swabs
(from sentinel or study animals)
Who is responsible for ensuring that everyone that works with the animals is properly trained and qualified?
the research facility
What animals are excluded from AWA?
- birds
- rats (Rattus)
- mice (Mus)
- horses not used for research purposes
- livestock/poultry intended for use as food or fiber
Which act includes mice and rats?
PHS
