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1 B > SDS 150R - TEST 2 > Flashcards

SDS 150R - TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

factors that influence theory of mind

A
  • Language and verbal reasoning
  • Cognitive skills and abilities
  • Make believe play
  • Social interaction
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2
Q

Theory of mind

A
  • Set of ideas about mental activities
  • Explain other people’s beliefs, desires, and behavior
  • Metacognition (thinking about thought)
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3
Q

Family relationships

A
  • Most important factor of early childhood development
  • Preschoolers are more active and struggle with independence
  • Parenting young children involves new functions and tasks
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4
Q

Parenting styles (Maccoby and Martin)

A
  • Authoritative
  • Authoritarian
  • permissive
  • Uninvolved
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5
Q

Uninvolved

A

lower on demands and control, lower on warmth and acceptance, unavailable emotionally, behavioral problems, struggle with relationships, neglect, omission

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6
Q

Permissive

A
  • high warmth and acceptance
  • low on demand and control
  • more indulgent parenting style
  • child does their own thing
  • parents don’t have many demands
  • have issues socially
  • don’t know how to handle conflict
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7
Q

Authoritarian

A
  • high on demand and control
  • lower on warmth and acceptance
  • high on rules
  • rules are more important than warmth and communication
  • lower self esteem and less well in school
  • struggle with social relationships
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8
Q

Authoritative

A
  • the ideal parenting style
  • higher demand and control
  • higher expectations
  • high on warmth and acceptance
  • higher on communication,
  • majority of parents
  • best outcome, higher self esteem,more confident, better academics
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9
Q

Effects of ethnicity and SES on parenting

A
  • Parenting depends on cultural context
  • No cultural background is directly related to negative outcomes
  • good parents occurs across all SES
  • lower SES experience more risk factors
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10
Q

Types of play (Parten)

A
  • Solitary play
  • Parallel play
  • Associative play
  • Cooperative play
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11
Q

Associative play

A

brief, short lived, spontaneous interactions with other kids, sharing toys

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12
Q

Cooperative Play

A

2 or more children are working together to accomplish some type of goal, real genuine type of play, taking turns, playing games, common goal between parties playing

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13
Q

Parallel

A

by 1 year we see 2 or more children playing with toys along side but not together, no interaction, may be watching the others kids

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14
Q

solitary play

A

non-social, no concern

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15
Q

Benefits of friends during childhood

A
  • Physical development: practicing fine motor development
  • Cognitive development: theory of mind, how we understand someone’s perspective
  • Social development: being able to have friends, solving problems, regulating emotions
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16
Q

concept of gender segregation (friend groups)

A
  • Avoiding the other gender
  • Begins with shared activity preferences
  • Nature of friendships
  • Cross cultural patterns
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17
Q

Girl Groups

A
  • More competitive between strangers than friends
  • More compliance and more agreement
  • Pair’s or smaller exclusive groups
  • Indoors or near home
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18
Q

Boy groups

A
  • More competitive between friends than strangers
  • Dominance hierarchy
  • Larger gorups and more accepting of newcomers
  • Outdoors and larger area
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19
Q

changing nature of aggression

A
  • temperament
  • media
  • family
20
Q

Adverse childhood experience’s

A
  • ACE’s
  • childhood stressors
  • maltreatment to traumatic events
21
Q

Resiliency

A
  • psychological strength
  • capacity of individual to continue normal development
22
Q

Protective Factors (Werner)

A
  • child
  • community
  • family
23
Q

Imaginary audience and personal fable

A
  • distorted self-images
  • imaginary audience: adolescents’ tendency to believe that others are always watching
  • personal fable: refers to the belief that the self is unique, invulnerable, omnipotent
24
Q

Storms and stress theory (Hall)

A
  • Negative stereotype of adolescence
  • Psyche in disequilibrium
  • Acting on urges from within
  • Symptoms are brief and benign
  • Absence of symptoms is reason for concern
25
Q

Identity vs confusion (Erikson)

A
  • Task: achieve personal identity
  • Knowing who you are
  • What you value
  • The directions you choose to pursue
  • Negative outcomes: role confusion, difficulty with intimacy
26
Q

Emerging Generation (Bibby and Posterski)

A
  • Period of emergence
  • Ambiguity
  • Contempt towards authority
27
Q

Positive Psychology (seligman)

A
  • study of strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive
  • People want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives
  • Cultivate what is best within themselves
  • Enhance their experience of love, work , play
  • Emphasizes strengths and resilient qualities
  • Focus on personal growth, life satisfaction and well-being
28
Q

Puberty

A

is regulated by hormonal process

29
Q

Primary and secondary characteristics

A
  • signs of sexuality
  • Primary sexual characteristics: internal=reproductive organs, menarche(girls) and spermarche (boys)
  • Secondary sexual characteristics: most visible on outside, difference and similarities for both sexes
30
Q

Brain development

A

2 major growth spurts

Age 13-15:
- Cerebral cortex thickens and neurons more efficient
- Think abstractly

Age 17-20s
- Frontal lobe developing
- Logic and planning

31
Q

conflict with parents

A
  • Most families do experience conflict
  • Mid-adolescence
  • Significant difficulties are rare
  • Influenced by parenting styles
  • Eventually conflict decreases
32
Q

Child-parent relationships (adolescence)

A

2 competing tasks for teenagers
- Establish autonomy
- Maintain relationship

33
Q

what is mental health?

A
  • ability to fulfill goals and potential
  • cope with stress and sadness
  • enjoy life
  • enjoy sense of connection with others
34
Q

things that are more in control

A
  • food
  • sleep
  • excercie
35
Q

out of control things that impact mental health

A
  • life
  • health care
  • biology
  • environment
36
Q

conventional beliefs vs what research tells us

A

kids do well if that want to vs kids doo well if they can

it’s about will vs its about skill

37
Q

demographic changes related to delayed adulthood

A

Increased need for post-secondary education + Acceptance of premarital sex and cohabitation + Marriage and parenthood delayed to 20s or early 30s
= delayed adulthood

38
Q

characteristics of emerging adulthood (Arnett)

A
  • semi autonomous
  • perceived lacking adult status
  • identity exploration
39
Q

Semi-autonomous

A
  • Movie in and out of parents home
  • Few financially independent
40
Q

Perceived lacking adult status

A

Do not feel they meet criteria for adulthood

41
Q

Identity exploration

A
  • Love
  • Work
  • World views
42
Q

Identify Formation (marcia)

A
  • Identity achievement
  • Moratorium
  • Foreclosure
  • Identity diffusion
43
Q

Identity achievement

A

high crisis, high commitment

44
Q

Moratorium

A

low commitment, high crisis

45
Q

Foreclosure

A

low crisis, high commitment

46
Q

Identity diffusion

A

low crisis, low commitment

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