SDS 150R - TEST 2 Flashcards
1
Q
factors that influence theory of mind
A
- Language and verbal reasoning
- Cognitive skills and abilities
- Make believe play
- Social interaction
2
Q
Theory of mind
A
- Set of ideas about mental activities
- Explain other people’s beliefs, desires, and behavior
- Metacognition (thinking about thought)
3
Q
Family relationships
A
- Most important factor of early childhood development
- Preschoolers are more active and struggle with independence
- Parenting young children involves new functions and tasks
4
Q
Parenting styles (Maccoby and Martin)
A
- Authoritative
- Authoritarian
- permissive
- Uninvolved
5
Q
Uninvolved
A
lower on demands and control, lower on warmth and acceptance, unavailable emotionally, behavioral problems, struggle with relationships, neglect, omission
6
Q
Permissive
A
- high warmth and acceptance
- low on demand and control
- more indulgent parenting style
- child does their own thing
- parents don’t have many demands
- have issues socially
- don’t know how to handle conflict
7
Q
Authoritarian
A
- high on demand and control
- lower on warmth and acceptance
- high on rules
- rules are more important than warmth and communication
- lower self esteem and less well in school
- struggle with social relationships
8
Q
Authoritative
A
- the ideal parenting style
- higher demand and control
- higher expectations
- high on warmth and acceptance
- higher on communication,
- majority of parents
- best outcome, higher self esteem,more confident, better academics
9
Q
Effects of ethnicity and SES on parenting
A
- Parenting depends on cultural context
- No cultural background is directly related to negative outcomes
- good parents occurs across all SES
- lower SES experience more risk factors
10
Q
Types of play (Parten)
A
- Solitary play
- Parallel play
- Associative play
- Cooperative play
11
Q
Associative play
A
brief, short lived, spontaneous interactions with other kids, sharing toys
12
Q
Cooperative Play
A
2 or more children are working together to accomplish some type of goal, real genuine type of play, taking turns, playing games, common goal between parties playing
13
Q
Parallel
A
by 1 year we see 2 or more children playing with toys along side but not together, no interaction, may be watching the others kids
14
Q
solitary play
A
non-social, no concern
15
Q
Benefits of friends during childhood
A
- Physical development: practicing fine motor development
- Cognitive development: theory of mind, how we understand someone’s perspective
- Social development: being able to have friends, solving problems, regulating emotions
16
Q
concept of gender segregation (friend groups)
A
- Avoiding the other gender
- Begins with shared activity preferences
- Nature of friendships
- Cross cultural patterns
17
Q
Girl Groups
A
- More competitive between strangers than friends
- More compliance and more agreement
- Pair’s or smaller exclusive groups
- Indoors or near home
18
Q
Boy groups
A
- More competitive between friends than strangers
- Dominance hierarchy
- Larger gorups and more accepting of newcomers
- Outdoors and larger area
19
Q
changing nature of aggression
A
- temperament
- media
- family
20
Q
Adverse childhood experience’s
A
- ACE’s
- childhood stressors
- maltreatment to traumatic events
21
Q
Resiliency
A
- psychological strength
- capacity of individual to continue normal development
22
Q
Protective Factors (Werner)
A
- child
- community
- family
23
Q
Imaginary audience and personal fable
A
- distorted self-images
- imaginary audience: adolescents’ tendency to believe that others are always watching
- personal fable: refers to the belief that the self is unique, invulnerable, omnipotent
24
Q
Storms and stress theory (Hall)
A
- Negative stereotype of adolescence
- Psyche in disequilibrium
- Acting on urges from within
- Symptoms are brief and benign
- Absence of symptoms is reason for concern
25
Identity vs confusion (Erikson)
- Task: achieve personal identity
- Knowing who you are
- What you value
- The directions you choose to pursue
- Negative outcomes: role confusion, difficulty with intimacy
26
Emerging Generation (Bibby and Posterski)
- Period of emergence
- Ambiguity
- Contempt towards authority
27
Positive Psychology (seligman)
- study of strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive
- People want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives
- Cultivate what is best within themselves
- Enhance their experience of love, work , play
- Emphasizes strengths and resilient qualities
- Focus on personal growth, life satisfaction and well-being
28
Puberty
is regulated by hormonal process
29
Primary and secondary characteristics
- signs of sexuality
- Primary sexual characteristics: internal=reproductive organs, menarche(girls) and spermarche (boys)
- Secondary sexual characteristics: most visible on outside, difference and similarities for both sexes
30
Brain development
2 major growth spurts
Age 13-15:
- Cerebral cortex thickens and neurons more efficient
- Think abstractly
Age 17-20s
- Frontal lobe developing
- Logic and planning
31
conflict with parents
- Most families do experience conflict
- Mid-adolescence
- Significant difficulties are rare
- Influenced by parenting styles
- Eventually conflict decreases
32
Child-parent relationships (adolescence)
2 competing tasks for teenagers
- Establish autonomy
- Maintain relationship
33
what is mental health?
- ability to fulfill goals and potential
- cope with stress and sadness
- enjoy life
- enjoy sense of connection with others
34
things that are more in control
- food
- sleep
- excercie
35
out of control things that impact mental health
- life
- health care
- biology
- environment
36
conventional beliefs vs what research tells us
kids do well if that want to vs kids doo well if they can
it's about will vs its about skill
37
demographic changes related to delayed adulthood
Increased need for post-secondary education + Acceptance of premarital sex and cohabitation + Marriage and parenthood delayed to 20s or early 30s
= delayed adulthood
38
characteristics of emerging adulthood (Arnett)
- semi autonomous
- perceived lacking adult status
- identity exploration
39
Semi-autonomous
- Movie in and out of parents home
- Few financially independent
40
Perceived lacking adult status
Do not feel they meet criteria for adulthood
41
Identity exploration
- Love
- Work
- World views
42
Identify Formation (marcia)
- Identity achievement
- Moratorium
- Foreclosure
- Identity diffusion
43
Identity achievement
high crisis, high commitment
44
Moratorium
low commitment, high crisis
45
Foreclosure
low crisis, high commitment
46
Identity diffusion
low crisis, low commitment
