Scullard republic - domitian 1-500 Flashcards
Death of Domition
Domitia, his once ex but now just wife conspired with with the household orderly, stephanus to kill Domition as he read about a false conspiracy
Petronius secundus
Praetorian commander who colluded with domitia and made shure the senate was in charge of choosing the next emperor
Nerva
Elderly senator and first of the 5 good emporers the most important thing he did was adopt Trajan
Calpurnius Crassus
Revolted under nerva, forgiven
Casperius aelianus
Praetorian commander demanded the death of Petronius secundus leading to Nerva adopting Trajan to keep the troops in order
Trajan’s wife
Plotina, accused of secretly making Hadrian emperor without permission from Trajan
Trajan’s title
Optimus princeps
Hadrian’s nickname
Graeculus
Hadrian’s succession
Went two generations, Antonius pius then Lucius versus 2 (son of his first heir with the same name) and Marcus Aurelius (originally annius verus)
L. Verus on the throne
Given equal power at the insistence of m. Aurelius, largely insignificant and irrelevant until his death in 169 ad
M. Aurelius on the throne
Stoic philosophy Nobel introvert super cool
Julius ursus servianus
Killed in 136 fort ring to supplant Hadrian with pedianus fuscus
Avidus cassius
Proclaimed emporer on a false rumor of Aurelius’ death, defeated easily in 175
Hadrian’s tours
Very touristy spent over 1/2 Hist time outside of Rome
121-125- north
129-134- east
Trajan’s home town
Italica in Spain \
Hadrian’s hometown
Italica in Spain
M. Aurelius hometown
Cordoba in Spain
Antoninus hometown
Lanuvium but family from nemausus in narbonese gaul
Hadrian’s visit to Mauritania
123
Trajan in Africa
Moved the hq from theveste to lambaesis
Fossatum africae
Seige works built in Africa by Hadrian
Annexation of Nabatean Arabia
In 106 by Trajan
Chosores
Anti Roman king of Parthia took the crown from his nefew the Roman ally parthamasiris in 112
Parthian annexation of arminia
Chosores dies it in 113 despite protest from the ruler axidares and a pretender to his crown
Trajan’s annexation of arminia
He takes it in 114 despite Parthia and a conference with axidares at Erzurum
Trajan vs Parthia
Mesopotamia in 115
Ctesiphon(the capitol) and Assyria in 116
Persian golf in 117
Then also in 117 he crowned parthamaspates in ctesiphon to quell revolts then retreated to Antioch with the help of his lieutenant Lucius quietus he then dies due to illness
Hadrian and Parthia
Immediately abondons Trajan’s conquests and reinstalls Orodes even returning to him his daughter in 129
Vologeses 3 vs Antoninus
Invades arminia In 155 then surrenders when Hadrian says stop
Pisonian conspiracy
Calpurnius piso and faenius Rufus revolt against Nero in 65 ad- are put down
The revolt of vindex
Governor of gallia lugdoninsis revolts against Nero in march 68 put down by virginius Rufus in at vesontio
Galba(where is he and who told ‘em)
Governor of hispania tarraconensis told he was emporer by icelus
Cornelius laco
Galba’s praetorian prefect
Galba’s age in 69
71
Galba as a ruler
Utterly incompetent, recalled virginius executed Nero’s men, punished Gauls who supported Nero
Otho’s conspiricy
On January 15 69 after being passed over as successor in favor of piso Licinianus he took com and of the praetorians and killed Galba
Vitellius’ revolt
Fabius valens who began to revolt under Galba proclaims vitallius emporer in the rhine and Germany on 3 January 69
Vitellius’ advance to Italy
Rapid and lead by his lieutenants vs,ens and caecina but was prone to attacks from alpine tribes such as the helvetii
1st battle of Cremona
Vitellius beats Otho Otho commits suicide
Vitellius’ reign
Executed otho’s centurians had lavish parties was clearly inept
People who proclaimed Vespasian
Tiberius Alexander-Egypt r, licinius mucianus- Syria
1 July 69
Vespasian officially announces his campaign for the empire
Vespasians rebellion strategy
Leisurely effectively a seige of Italy from Egypt at first
Antonius primus
Danubeleader who supported Vespasian and invaded its;y without the permission of the higher ranked officer licinius mucianus
2nd prattle of Cremona
Antonius primus defeats the vittelian armies
Vespasian made emporer
December 69 after primus takes Rome for him
First equestrian emperor
Vespasian
Vespasian hometown
Raete
Asleep while Nero sang
Vespasian
Vespasian’s death
79ad
Darling of all mankind
Titus untill plauge in 81
Dominus est deus
Domition
All purple robes
Domition
Flavian constitution
Adlectio begun
Equites replace feedmen
Senate neglected
Mt. Vesuvius
Erupts in 79 destroys Herculaneum Pompeii and stabiae
Flavian economy
Good soldier pay increased under Titus even Domition did well with the economy
Command Jerusalem after Vespasian
Taken over by Titus in 70
Seige of Jerusalem
Slow and difficult for 6 month in 70-71
Jerusalem after the sacking
Retreated to three forts, herodium machaerus and Masada the last of which held out untill 73
Seige of Masada
Lead by flavius Silva lasted 6 months in 73 ended in a mass suicide after a land bridge is made to enter the fortress 2 women and five children survived
Flavians vs Judaism
Banned proselytizing, taxed heavily, Titus burned the temple, Jewish government abolished
Civilis’ rebellion
Initially declared for Vespasian then attacked anything Roman including the town of vetera 69
Classicus’ rebellion
This Cheif of the treviri In an attempt to make a Gallic empire rose an army with tutor and helped civilis conquer vetera in 69- 70 in the so-called Batavian revolt
Fall of classicus and civilis
Petilius cerialis with the army if mucianus suppresses their revolt in a battle at trier in 71
Vettius bolanus
Romans invest trooos in side of the brigantines under him from 69-71
Cerelius in brittan
Appointed in 71 defeated the divorced husband of cartamandua with the help of Agricola legate of legion 20
Sextus Julius frontiers
Appointed in brittan 74-78-> advanced into wales against legio 2 Augusta to a new fort at isca silurium
Defeated the silures destroyed their town llanmelin woods then settled the rest of wales
British governor 78 +
Agricola
Agricola’s advances under Titus
Defeated ordovices by over running Mona in 78
Advanced from deva and eboracum in order to overrun brigantia in 79
Conquered the lowlands of Scotland in 80
In 81 forts were built from bodotria to Clyde along the side of the future Antonine wall
Agricola under Domition
Advanced into Scotland culminating in 84 at the battle of mons graupis where he earned his triumph
Mons graupis
Agricola captures Scotland definitely near Inverness
Flavian brittan after Agricola
Abandoned Scotland left the rest to the control of the following legions: 2 Augusta at isca, 20 Valeria vitrix at deva, 9 hispania at clyde
Chatti vs Domition
Two attacks in 83 and 89 after the flavians had taken the Black Forest and Neckar both personally seen to by Domition
Domition’ s frontier system
Highly Effective and underrated
Pinarius Clemens
Defeated the suebi and rattae in 74
Roxolianians
Invaded moesia from 68-69 put down by infantry assault during civil war
First Dacian invasion in 69
Brief, defeated easily
Samaritans in 70
Killed moesia governor killed by his successor
Decebalus
Powerful Dacian king, invaded moesia in 85 ad
Adamklissi battle
Decebalus defeats the legate of moesia, oppius sabinus
Cornelius fuscus vs Decebalus
Decebalus defeats him in 86
Tettius iulianus vs Decebalus
The former defeated the latter at tapae only for Domition to declare peace soon after 88/89
Domition in the Danube
Sensible defensive reforms
Vespasian titles
Restitutor orbis, divus
Caecina’s revolt
Put down out of hand by Titus whose succession was opposed
Antonius Saturninus vs Domition
He revolts then is put down by the army of lappius Maximus Norbanus
Flavians vs poets
Flavians were largely opposed by the artistic community and oft slanderedthey offered little retribution until Domition who reopened mainstas trials
Revolt in Mauritania under Julio claudians
Started when Caligula killed ptolomy son of Juba king of Mauritania put down by Suetonius paulinus under Claudius 41-42
Tacfarinus
Revolted under Tiberius in 17 was formerly Roman now raided in Sahara was trapped by Iunius blaesus but eventually beaten by Cornelius dolabella uncle of sejanus in 24- marched imperial command in Africa
King of Axum
Zoscales- almost invaded by Rome under Nero
Augustus’ policies in judea
Religious tolerance which was met with sciarii or knife men- assassins who spread the civil unrest in the province
Caligula in judea
Almost built a statue of himself in the temple but was stopped by Petronius (ordered to commit suicide) and Herod Agrippa
Antonius Felix
Procurator in judea who was famously corrupt was brother of Pallas 52-60
Pontus Pilate
26-36 terrible procurator of judea who was so bad he was recalled by the legate of Syria Vitellius
Jewish revolt of 66
Nation wide revolt of Jewish population left procurator florus and the legate cestius gallus powerless due to the letter’s failure of nerve in his initial invasion attempt
T. Flavius Vespasian in judea
Took Galilee in 67 when Josephus defected trans Jordania in 68 and then he left because politics
Antiochus 4
Deposed by Tiberius 17 reinstated by Caligula deposed by Caligula reinstated by Claudius 41 deposed by Vespasian 72
Artabanus 3
Ruler in Parthia after the death of Augustus
Artaxes
Germanicus’ nominee for the Arminian throne in 18 under Tiberius
Parthian invasion of arminia
After the death of artaxes in 35 - stopped by the Iberian adventurer mithridates and the pretender of arsaic blood, tiridates
Caligula’s Arminian policy
Randomly imprisoned. Mithridates leaving arminia to be conquered by artabanus
Claudius’ regaining of arminia
He reinstated mithridates
Claudius’ loosing of arminia
Radamistus takes arminia from his uncle mithridates then looses it to tiridates who was loyal to vologeses 1 of arminia
Domitius corbulo in arminia
At the command of Nero re conquered arminia by sacking araxes and then repeating lucculus’ invasion of tigranocerta and installed the new prince tigranes 58-60
Tigranes vs vologeses
Tigranes attacks vologeses vologeses then sieges tigranocerta
Nero/ corobulo’s reaction to Tigranes vs vologeses
Corbulo attempts compromise but Nero makes it so that they go to war
Rhandeia
Caesinius paetus the new governor of cappadocia is routed by vologeses and tiridates is reinstated as king from 62-63
Roman amicitia with Parthia and arminia
Tiridates goes to Rome after being intimidated by corbulo and becomes BFFs with Nero temple of Janus is closed in 65/66
Thrace in the first century
Revolted in 25 put down by pompeius sabinus made a province in 46 by Claudius under a procurator
Ti. Plautius silvanus
Secured the Danube lands and moesia in 62
Crimea in the 1st century
Augustus’ govnt deposed by aspurgus aka asparagus who was deposed by king polemo who founded a dynasty that would last for 4 centuries
Germanicus in 14
Devastated the lippe basin
Germanicus 15 and 16
Moves against cherusci and arminius wins at idistaviso then us recalled
28-Germany
Fristii expelled their prefect Tiberius doesn’t care
Corbulo in 47
Earns his reputation by fighting North Sea pirates
Inner German war
Arminius of the cherusci wars with mariboduus of the Marcomani, wins
Death of arminius
Turns out he was a bad king and was deposed by his own subjects
Gallic uprising in early 1st century
Aeduan iulius sacrovir and triviran iulius florus revolt in 21 Tiberius stops them
Caligula and brittan
Gathers at gesoriacum and prepares to cross the channel but abandons it and collects seashells ina “war against neptune” 40ad
Claudius’ reasons for war in brittan
Pleas from amminius (sent to Caligula) and verica sent out of fear of the kingdom of Cunobelinus
Cunobelinus
Powerful warlord in brittan in the early empire succeeded by his sons caratacus and togidubnus in 40-43 ad, Claudius’ need for a military rep, narcissisus’ desire for profit
Brittan in 43
A. Plautius land in rutupiae defeats caractus in the medway then crosses the Thames where he waits for Claudius
Claudius in brittan
arrived in time for the conquest of camalodunum the left for the conquest of east anglia and the south coast to be completed by his lieutenants
Brittan in 49
Plautius or his successor ostorius scapula organizes a defensive lie from execter to Lincoln
Ostorius scapula
Commander in brittan 47-52- dissatmed all tribes south of fosse, marched against the deceangli of flintshire to uriconium in 49, established a legionary base at glevum and with the help of cartimandua captured caractus
Cartamandua
Queen of brigantines important Roman ally in brittan Eren stated by Roman’s after being deposed by her consort
3rd Roman commander in brittan
Suetonius paulinus
59-61 brittan
Seutonius paulinus sacks Mona the Druidic center burning the sacred groves and colonizing the area
Boudicca
Queen of the iceni led a revolt after her tribe was unjustly taxed and her husband’s estate was stolen
Boudicca at camalodunum
She takes it
Boudicca’s first Roman adversary
Petilius cerialis - she wins after he attacks from Lindum
Towns sacked by Boudicca
Camalodunum, londinium, verulamium
Battle of lichfeild
Boudicca defeated and killed by seutonius paulinus her revolt collapses
Britton after lichfeild
Now under the curator Julius cassicianus seutonius is recalled and the south quiets down
Tiberius date of birth
42 bc
Tiberius’ attitude
Hated being emporer
Minor conspiracy against Tiberius
Scribonius libo drussus-16
Gaius Sirius- 24
Tiberius’ son
Drussus 2
Tiberius’ first heir
Germanicus
Tiberius’ rhine revolt
Quelled by germanicus and drussus 2 14-16ad germanicus gets massive triumph in 17 ad and a consulship in 18
Germanicus’ death
When he returned to Syria from Egypt rumor says that calpurnius piso poisoned him agrippina the elder widow of germanicus blames Tiberius
Drussus consulship
21
Drussus 2’s death
In 23 ad leading to Nero and drussus 3 (sons of agrippina) being recognized as heirs
Aelius sejanus
Tiberius’ praetorian prefect, basically emporer palapatine
29ad internal affairs
Agrippina exiled with Nero and drussus at the order of sejanus via Tiberius
Sejanus 23
Becomes effective master of the city via his praetorian guard’s intimidation
Sejanus 26
Convinces Tiberius to stay on Capra forever
Sejanus revealed
Antonia tattles
Sejanus’ downfall
Sutorius macro takes control of the praetorians and vigiles and traps sejanus while in a senate meeting presided by Memmius regulus where he thought he was to be made heir but was instead sentenced to death
The death of agrippina the elder
Her and her sons save Gaius who was imprisoned on Capri were executed
Murderer of drussus 2
Sejanus
Tiberius’ reign of terror
Became hugely suspicious after the affair with sejanus and wildly prosecuted treason
The end of tiberius’ reign
Spent on capri untill his death in 37 his powers falling to germanicus’ son Gaius by default who will hereafter be referred to a Caligula [
Caligula’s early reign
Great, games abound, taxes reduced, exiles rescinded, praetorians given double their promised bounty, and good finances maintained
Caligula’s latter reign
After a stroke in 37, he colloquially speaking, went off the rails of the metaphorical crazy train, he killed macro and Tiberius gemmellus, he squandered money, tried to be defied in life, made his horse inctatus consul etc.
The first conspiricy on Caligula
Led by lentulus gaetulicus sought to make aemilius Lepidus emporer in Caligula’s place caused the exile of agrippina the younger and Julia
Caligula’s death
Cassius chaehrea executes Caligula while acting as his praetorian prefect and than pits Claudius in charge 41
Claudius’ age at assension
50
Claudius’ appearance
Ugly, had a stutter
Claudius’ final two wives
Manipulative and dangerous
Cammilus scribonianus
Led a conspiracy against Claudius as governor of Dalmatia with the help of annius vinicianus
C. Silius and Claudius
In 48 the former out of lover for messalina attempted a coup, thwarted by narcissus
Claudius’ first heir
Brittanicus, son of messalina
The succession of Claudius
Agrippina supplants Britainicus with Nero with the help of burrus
Claudius’ death
54 ad
Claudius and the Jewish
Allowed freedom of religion but prevented meetings in Rome and eventually expelled them from Rome
Nero’s age at accenssion
16
Nero’s regent
A point of contention between senaca the younger, burrus, and agrippina
Brittanicus’ death
After agrippina almost favors him Nero gas him killed
Nero and pompeia Sabina
She was wife of Otho and was not supported by agrippina who favored Octavia, a better political match, and so with the help of senaca and burrus got Nero to have his mother killed in 59
Anicetus
Killer of agrippina, first tried to have her drown then just stabbed her in 59ad
The games of Nero
Established new holidays, iuvenalia and neronia, celebrated with games In The style of the Greek Olympic Gamesand involving his public singing
The end of Nero’s good times
Burrus dies in 62 and senaca retires they are replaced by the prefect tigellinus
The divorce of Octavia
Nero divorces her and bannishes/executes her on trumped up charges of adultery with ancitus after Seneca’s retirement
Nero’s second wife
Poppeia Sabina ex of Otho
Tigellinus
Incompetent evil enabler of nero
Nero’s tour of Greece
Despite alligatations of mass profligacy he goes on an arts tour of Greece from 67-68 ad which neat;y bankrupted the empire
Tigellinus’ reign of terrors
proscriptions forced suicides including senaca and Petronius - standered fare
Great fire of Rome
Nero actually does an ok job at managing it but he also builds a massive pleasure palace called the domus aurea which sours public opinion
Nero and Christianity
He blamed them for the fire and burned them at the stake
Paetius thrasia
A stoic philosopher killed in 66 ad by Nero for “occasional veiled criticism” of Nero
Cn. Domitius corubolo
General that Nero put to death without trial
Augustus’ consolidation
Slowly increases personal power from 27-17
Augustus’ reforms
Includes fire brigade, water supply, grain supply, provincial reorganization, judicial reform, public games
26-25
Arabian exebition- Augustus’ prefect aelius gallus conquers sabeaens