SCS Study Guide- Medical Conditions Flashcards
what is total lung capacity
most air you can breath into your lungs
what is vital capacity
amount of air you can take advantages of and the volume of air breathed out after deepest inhalation
residual volume
air in lungs after a maximum expiration
tidal volume
amount of air moved in and out of lungs with normal breathing
expiratory reserve volume
max volume of air that can be exhaled from the end expiratory position
inspiratory reserve volume
max volume inhaled after end inspiratory level
FEV1
forced expiration volume at end of 1 second
FVC
vital capacity from max forced exhalation (most air that can be maximally exhale)
how do volumes and rates differ in restrictive vs obstructuve diseases
restrictive: decrease volume, normal rates
obstructive: volumes normal, rated impeded
what happens to FEV1/FVC in obstructive diseases
ratio is decreased
how do you treat exercise induced bronchospasms
10-15 min before, beta 2 agonist before the start
what can a treadmill challenge tell you about asthma
that after 6-8 min of treadmill at 85% HR, if FEV 1 drops over 10%
what is the presentation of someone with vocal cord dysfunction
airway blocked due to lack or motion or obstruction with vocal cords
neck extended, open mouth, look pf panic after race, whistling may happen but no wheezing. Usually calms after race
blister cause, exam and treatment
friction or rubbing and thremal injury
prevent and pad and DO NOT POP
hyperkeratosis and callus
toughened skin from rubbing, mostly harmless
what is a corn and how to treat it
callus of dead skin on dorsal side of foot, hard are dry and flat and soft are moist and between toes
OTC or MD referral
intertrigo or chafing
inflammation in skin folds, treat infection and prevent further friction
acne mechanica
trauma from rubbing of equipment which causes acne cysts to pop
pad and clean equipment
sublungal hematoma (nail bed injury)
drill if no fracture, brusing and blood under nail bed
impetigo
bacterial from direct contact, honey colored scabs, need antibiotics, topicals, fusidic acids
cellulitis
bacterial, group A strep, staph, red, warm, swelling and pain, and systemically ill
antibiotics
folliculitis
bacterial: staph damange to hair follicle from friction, red dots with white heads, need antibiotics
MRSA
bacterial
staph Aureus, red swelling, painful and spider bite, antibiotcs and surgical drainiage
furnicles/carbuncles/abbess
bacterial
pus that is contained, red, pain, warm, swelling, pus drainiage, needs incision and drainage
paronychia
bacterial
infection around nail bed, skin is red and hot, at nail, warm soak, antibiotics and drainage
hidradentitis supportive
bacterial
pen to marble size lump under the skin, acne inversa, axilla and groin, painful, when they break open smell bad! need antibiotics and steroids
otitis externa
bacterial
swimmers ear, and cleaning to dry as well
molluscum contagiosum
viral
sharping equipment, contact, scratching
pink colored bumps with dimpled center, and OTC salicyclic acid
herpes simplex
viral
direct contact, red base and group vesicles
oral antibiotics
herpes zoster
viral
varicells infection chicken pox, vesicles by dermatomes, oral antivirals and analgesics
dermatophytosis
ring worm viral
contact with infected, itching and scaly patches, all the tinea things!
need topical or oral antifungals
tinae pedis
foot athletes
tinea capitis
head with hair loss
tinea cruris
groin or jock itch
tinea versicolor
hypopigmented of skin
tinea corporis RTP
72 hours topical and gas permeable membrane
tinea capitus RTP
2 weeks antifungal
herpes RTP
free of symptoms, no new lesions 72 hours, firm adherent crust, 120 antivirals, CANNOT COVER ACTIVE LESION
molluscum contagiosum
lesions removed, gas permeable membrane cover ok
furncles/carbuncles/folloculitis and impetigo and MRSA
no new lesions 48 hours, 72 hour antibiotic and no drainage (CANNOT COVER ACTIVE LESIONS)
mono
3-5 days prodrome, with fatigue, HA, malaise, lasts up to 4 weeks, 50-75% enlarged spleen
RTP: 4 weeks rest, and feel normal and no fever
pneumonia
cough, fever, malaise, fatigue, SOB and cyanosis, chest x-ray
antibiotics or hospital
RTP no fever or cough
meningitis
bacterial (fatal if no treatment) and non-bacterial (aseptic)
fever, stiff neck, HA, NV, diahhrea, photophobia, pharyngitis, and AMS
vaccine, handwashing and prevention
RTP with months of recovery
HTN
if 140/90 2+ occasions need EKG and possible echocardiogram
need lifestyle modification and meds, and CANNOT PLAY IF THERE IS HYPERTROPHY NOTED
CAD
blockage of heart and plaque blocking flow, needs EKG and stress test and can contiue if mild
signs that may lead to valvular disease
new murmur hx of SOB, chest pain and cant keep up with activity
can you play with mild valvular disease
yes , moderate may prevent more strenuous activity
HCM
heart muscle is thick, systolic murmur that inc with Valsalva
ECHO and MRI and may need implantable defibrillator,
too risky to play (but maybe low intensity)
PVC
extra heartbeat, abnormal
participate in less strenuous
ventricular tachy
SOB, cehst pain and syncope, more intense than PVC
structural changes, no!
supraventric tachy
ventricles contract at rapid rate, can play with meds and no structural changes
wolf parkinson white
extra electrical pathway which causes a rapid heart rate
can play if no structural changes, palpitations or tachy
A-fib
irregular heartbeat
can play but not contact/collision if on anticoagulants
A flutter
fast heart rate, with supraventricular tachy can play (but not contact or collision of anti-coag)
long QT syndrome
rhythm disorder causing fast and erratic HR
genetic/EKG/ECHO/MRI
meds or implantable defribulator
restricted to less strenuous activity
marfan’s
CT issues, long limbs, hypermobile, pectus excavatum. aortic arch dilation,
Echo, CT/MRI/
echo every 6 months, watch decrease in BP and enlargement of aorta
NO COLLISION OR HIGH STRENUOUS (weight lifting)
elher’s danlos
mutation, abnormal collagen, hypermobility, fragile skin and blood vessels, bruising, joint protection,
organs can be involved too
commotio cordis
v-fib, trauma from repolarization (t wave)
sickle cell trait
normal RBS that are sickled, changes blood flow
need genetic testing and blood work
when to stop an athlete playing with sickle cell
when athlete has cramping, fatigue or dyspnea
with all out exertion or within 30 minutes,esp with heat, dehydration and fatigue/altitude
what is the most common type of arrhythmia preceding death
v-fib
dynamic effects of exercise on CV system
inc HR/SV/systolic BP, decreased peripheral vascular resistance, mean BP unchanged
static effects of exercise on CV system
inc perihperal vascular resistance, inc diastolic and mean BP, inc HR, SV, CO, inc myocardial O2, inc wall tension and contractility
ECG looks at
electrical efficiency of heart, patterns in HR
echocardiogram
internal structures and blood flow throughout structures
stress test (TM)
HR aility to respond to exercise stress
blood tests
look at K, Ca, Mg, thyroid, and presence for things with arrythmias.
