FINAL LOOK at EBP Flashcards

1
Q

what is level I evidence

A

prospective, RCT, high quality evidence/diagnostic testing

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2
Q

what is level II evidence

A

lower level diagnostic studies prospective or RTC (low power, weak diagnosis criteria, less than 80% follow up, no blinding or poor randomization)

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3
Q

what are level III evidence

A

case control studies or retrospective studies

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4
Q

what are level IV studies

A

case series

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5
Q

what are level V studies

A

expert opinions

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6
Q

the p value looks at

A

if the difference occurred by chance

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7
Q

what do you need to interpret a P value

A

an alpha value

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8
Q

if alpha is set at 0.05, then what P value must you have to have statistical significance

A

less than 0.05

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9
Q

the P value has to be ____ than alpha for statistical significance

A

lower than

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10
Q

type I error “?”

A

concluding there was statistical significance when there was not
claiming that there was an effectiveness when there was not

“backing a loser”

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11
Q

backing a loser represents a

A

Type I error

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12
Q

Type II error “?”

A

not finding a statistical difference when there really was a statistical significance,
saying something is not effective when it is

“missing a winner”

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13
Q

missing a winner represents what

A

Type II error

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14
Q

how can you reduce the chance to type II error

A

by inc the sample size and inc the number of subjects in the study

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15
Q

effect sizes look at…..

A

interventions

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16
Q

what are large, moderate, small and trivial effect sizes

A

0.8 and up: large
0.5-0.799: moderate
0.2-0.499: small
less than 0.2 is trivial

17
Q

what is the difference between interrater and intrarater reliability

A

inter: between multiple rates (think internet connects multiple people). if multiple people can get the same result

intra: between the same person, same person able to get the same result all of the time.

18
Q

what looks at reliability, what measure

A

Cohen’s Kappa (k)

19
Q

what is the reliability scale from no reliability to perfect reliability

A

0: no reliability/no better than chance
<0.4: poor
0.4-0.6: fair
0.6-0.75: good
>0.75: excellent
1: perfect reliability

20
Q

what does a (+) LR do

A

inc suspicion based on a positive test

21
Q

what does a (-) LR do

A

decrease suspicion based on a negative test

22
Q

what are values of (+) LR for large, moderate, small and no shift in probability for something

A

> 10 large shift
5-10: moderate shift
<5: small shift
1: no shift

23
Q

what are values of (-) LR for large, moderate, small and no shift in probability away from something

A

<0.1: large shift
0.1-0.2: moderate shift
>0.2: small shift
1: no shift