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SCS Study Guide- Emergency Medical Response Flashcards

1
Q

rib contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: blow/trauma
exam: sharp pain with breathing, TTP, pain with compression
treatment: x-ray and RICE

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2
Q

rib fracture cause, exam and treatment

RTP

A

cause: blow/trauma
exam: sharp pain with breathing, crepitus and (+) tuning fork test
treatment: x-ray, RICE, bracing
RTP 1-2 months

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3
Q

sternum fracture cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: blow/impact,
exam: inc pain with deep inspiration and forced expiration
treatment: x-ray and check heart trauma

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4
Q

costochondral separation cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: blow to anteriolat thorax, twist or fall
exam: pain localized in junction oof cartilage and ribs, rib deformity
treatment: x-ray and RICE

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5
Q

pneumothorax

A

pain and difficulty breathing, anoxia,

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6
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

SOB, absence of breath sounds, cyanosis, distension of neck veins

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7
Q

hemothorax

A

pain, cyanosis, coughing frothy blood

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8
Q

heart contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: heart compression from trauma
exam: severe shock and chest pain arrythmias cause decrease in CO
treatment: ER, CPR

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9
Q

solar plexus injury cause, exam and treatment

A

wind knocked out, blow to sympathetic celiac plexus
exam: paralysis of diaphragm, difficulty breathing
treatment: bend knees, short inspirations and long expirations

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10
Q

hernia cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: weakened muscles, can be exacerbated by strain or direct blow
exam: superficial protrusion and pain with coughing
treatment: surgical

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11
Q

what type of hernia is most common in both men and women

A

men: inguinal hernia
women: femoral hernia

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12
Q

kidney contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: force to the back
exam: shock, N/V, hematuria, rigidity in muscles of the back
treatment: 24 hospital stay, urinate 2-3x after blow and look for blood

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13
Q

bladder contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: force to abdomen when bladder is full or intra-abdominal pressure during long distance running
exam: pain in lower abdomen, shock, nausea, vomiting, abdominal rigidity hematuria
urinate 2-3x and look for blood, cath, empty bladder before activity

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14
Q

if a bladder is ruptured, what will an athlete not be able to do

A

urinate

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15
Q

where can kidney refer pain

A

costovertebral angle and around trunk/abdomen

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16
Q

where can the bladder refer pain

A

lower trunk and upper thigh anteriorly

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17
Q

liver contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: truama to right side of abdomen
exam: hemorrhage and shock
treatment: immediate medial attention

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18
Q

where does the liver refer pain

A

R scap, shoulder substernal area

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19
Q

splenic rupture cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: fall or trauma to L quadrant of abdomen (risk of splenomegaly)
exam; shock abdominal rigidity NV
treatment: conservative treatment 1 week in hospital

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20
Q

kehr’s sign

A

splenic rupture pain down L shoulder and 1/3 arm

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21
Q

stomach/bowel/appendix cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: direct blow or deceleration
exam: progressively sick, decreased bowel sounds
treatment: conservative treatment with 1 week hospital

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22
Q

testicular contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: direct blow to testicles
exam: pain, NV, swelling
treatment: immediate medical

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23
Q

spermatic cord contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: testes revolving in scrotum from trauma
exam: testicular pain NV
treatment: ER

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24
Q

pelvic avulsion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: intense muscle contraction and direct blow
exam: pain at attachment, limited WB, restricted mobiltiy in LE

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25
burner/stinger cause, exam and treatment
cause: compression/traction to brachial plexus shoulder and head go in opposite direction exam: burning or stinging between neck and shoulder, into hand. arm feels dead treatment: 1st: can return when sxs gone, multiple episodes MD
26
skull fracture cause, exam and treatment
cause: fall trauma exam: unequal pupils, discoloration of eyes or behind the ears, loss of smell or sight, LOC, treatment: EMS
27
battle sign
bleeding, bruising or swelling behind the ear
28
racoon eyes
basal skull fracture
29
signs of shock
pale, clammy skin, rapid pulse, rapid breathing, low BP, dizziness, fainting and condusion/anxiety and cyanosis and chest pain
30
treatment for shock
legs elevated, maintain body temp, apply direct pressure, ABC, CPR, AED call 911
31
acclimatization happens when
5-10 days for heat
32
what are some adaptations to acclimatization
decreased HR, RR, skin blood flow, decreased Na in sweat, inc blood volume and sweating
33
what are the wet bulb globe temps
low <65 mod 65-73 high 73-82 very high 82
34
at what temp do you cancel practice
over 82.4
35
heat cramp signs, treatment and RTP
muscle cramps, damp skin (hot and moist), normal core body temp, normal BIP, inc HR, and exhaustion and fatigue treatment: fluid, mild stretching, ice, lying down in cool enviro, after rest can return
36
heat exhaustion signs, treatment and RTP
HA, NV, decreased appetite/thirst, fatigue, elevated core temp but <104, weak/rapid pulse, cool clammy skin, cramps, spasms, LOB/gait changes treatment: bedrest cool room, IV, fluids and cold sponge RTP: sxs free, MD clearance and acclimatization
37
heat stroke signs, treatment and RTP
core temp over 104, hot/red/dry skin, pulse 160+, hysterical and psychotic, deep and shallow respirations, collapse/coma/death exam: 911, ice bath and CWI ER ASAP RTP: MD clearance, heat tolerance will be compromised
38
initial frostbite signs and symptoms and treatment
blanching of skin, painless, becomes numb. usually no perm damage rewarm with water or air
39
superficial frostbite signs and symptoms and treatment
blanched or white with firm waxy feel tissue underneath is soft and painful blistered and purple rewarm with warm water
40
deep frostbite signs and symptoms and treatment
tissue feels solid, skin white to gray, eventually black rewarm with medical enviro
41
what is frostnip
superficial cooling without cellular damage
42
what is chilblains
superficial ulcers of skin from repeated exposure to cold
43
what are the 5 stages of hypothermia
-shivering -apathy -decreased consciousness -decreased vitals -death
44
emergency care of hypothermia
remove wet clothes, keep dry, warm the victim, monitor vitals, breathe warm moist air and handle gently
45
dehydration signs
increased thirst, dry sticky mouth, light headed and fatigue impaired focus, decreased urine, dry skin, cannot sweat
46
for dehydration a _____% water loss can lead to compromised physiologic function
1-2
47
a loss of ___% can cause exertional heat illness
3
48
proper hydration: how much 3 hours prior to exercise
17-20 oz
49
every 10-20 min, how much hydration
7-10 oz
50
hyponatremia
low sodium levels, overhydrated, CNS dysfunction, respiratory changes from pulmonary or cerebral edema
51
what are the NCAA guidelines for preseason play
days 1-5: 1 practice/day, restricted equip day 1+2: helmet only day 3+4: helmets and shoulder pads day 5: full pads after 5 days: 2practices/day ok every other day
52
acute exertional rhabdo cause, exam and treatment
sudden catabolic destruction of skeletal after intense exercise (esp in hot and humid or sickle cell) gradual muscle weakness, swelling, pain, dark urine, 911
53
altitude sickness adaptations
2-3 weeks needed to adjust conservation of glucose, inc number mitochondria, inc hemoglobin formation and inc myoglobin
54
Acute mountain sickness
HA, NV, sleep changes, dyspnea within 6-12 hours arriving
55
high altitude pulmonary edema
lungs accumulate small amounts of fluids, pulm edema dyspnea, cough, HA, weakness, unconscious lower altitude right away !
56
high altitude cerebral edema
usually proceeded by AMS mental dysfunction, neuro abnormalities (ataxia, loss of coordination) lower altitude right away
57
lightening safety: flash bang ratio
number of seconds from lightening flash until sound of thunder divided by 5:30 min should pass after last thunder/lightening
58
ticks cause, exam and treatment
cause: lyme' disease, Rocky mountain spotted exam: fever HA, bull eye rash treatment: remove tick with tweezers and antibiotics
59
how long does a tick need to be attached for transfer of disease
36-48 hours
60
proper fitted helmet
snug to cheek pads, (credit card between head and liner should feel resistance) helmet covers base of skull two finger width above eye ear holes line up three finger width from facemask should not shift on head chin strap secured
61
fitting shoulder pads
shoulder width determines size tip shoulder lined with lateral aspect of shoulder deltoids should be covered by epaulets and cups should be able to lift shoulders and arms above head should not slide straps should hold pads in place under arms should not shift when putting on jersey

SCS (26 decks)

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