Scrotum A&P Flashcards

1
Q

what is the primary sex organ for males and what does it produce?

A

testes produce sperm

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2
Q

what are male secondary sex organs and what do they do? (7)

A
  1. epididymis
  2. ductus deferens
  3. seminal vesicle
  4. prostate gland
  5. bulbourethral glands
  6. scrotum
  7. penis

they protect, transport, and nourish sperm

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3
Q

where do the testes develop in the embryo?

A

they develop in proximity to mesonephric ducts

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4
Q

when do testes descend into the scrotum during embryonic development?

A

8th month

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5
Q

what is housed in the compartment sac?

A
  1. testicle
  2. epididymis
  3. part of vas deferens
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6
Q

what size are the testes in SAG?

A

3-5 cm

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7
Q

what size are the testes in TRV?

A

2-4 cm

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8
Q

what size are the testes in AP?

A

3 cm

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9
Q

what is the outermost layer of the testes?

A

tunica vaginalis

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10
Q

what is the middle layer of the testes?

A

tunica albuginea

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11
Q

what are the thin septations arising from the tunica albuginea called?

A

mediastinum testes

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12
Q

where is the epididymis in relation to the testes?

A

posterosuperior & posteroinferior lateral border of the testes

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13
Q

what are the 3 different parts of the epididymis?

A

head, body, tail

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14
Q

what is the size of the epididymis?

A

6-7 cm long

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15
Q

what is the diameter of the head of the epididymis?

A

10-12 mm

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16
Q

what is the diameter of the body of the epididymis?

17
Q

what is the diameter of the tail of the epididymis?

18
Q

what is the artery that supplies the testicle?

A

testicular artery

19
Q

what structures does the deferential artery supply?

A
  1. epididymis
  2. ductus deferens
20
Q

what artery supplies the peritesticular (scrotum) tissues?

A

cremasteric artery

21
Q

what is the network of veins that runs througout the testes?

A

pampiniform plexus

22
Q

the pampiniform plexus joins together to become the spermatic vein. T/F?

23
Q

the spermatic vein is not part of the spermatic cord. T/F?

24
Q

where does the right spermatic vein drain to?

25
where does the left spermatic vein drain to?
left renal vein to IVC
26
what structures make up the spermatic cord?
1. testicular artery 2. spermatic vein 3. ductus deferenss
27
what is the normal US appearance of the scrotum?
homogenous and mid gray echoes
28
what do the mediastinum testes look like in US? (SAG & TRV)
SAG: echogenic line TRV: ovoid
29
what does the epididymis look like in US compared to testes?
iso or a bit hyperechoic vs the testes
30
what does the appendix testis look like on US?
hyperechoic protuberances superior to testis & epididymis
31
the appendix testis is ALWAYS visible on US. T/F?
false
32
what does the spermatic cord look like on US? (SAG & TRV)
SAG: multiple hypoechoic linear structures TRV: circular hypoechoic structures
33
what frequency do you want to use when scanning scrotum?
5 MHz+ linear probe
34
what is polyorchidism?
congenital variant where there testes are duplicated, usually 3 present
35
which testis more commonly has polyorchidism?
left testis