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DMS 300 Abdomen & Small Parts > Breast A&P > Flashcards

Breast A&P Flashcards

1
Q

what is the functional layer of the breast?

A

mammary/parenchymal layer

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2
Q

what is the subcutaneous/premammary layer mainly composed of?

A

fat

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3
Q

what is the retromammary layer mainly composed of?

A

fat

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4
Q

how thick is the skin in the breast?

A

0.5-2mm

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5
Q

where are the sensory nerve endings of the breast?

A

at the nipple

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6
Q

how many openings for the lactiferous ducts are in the nipple?

A

15-20

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7
Q

what is the darker area around the nipple called?

A

areola

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8
Q

what are montgomery’s glands?

A

oil glands that look like small bumps around the nipple

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9
Q

where is the premammary layer located?

A

bw the skin & mammary layer

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10
Q

what 3 things compose the subcutaneous layer?

A
  1. fat
  2. some ligaments
  3. retinala cutis
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11
Q

what are other names for the mammary layer? (2)

A

parenchymal
glandular

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12
Q

what is the glandular tissue in the axilla called?

A

tail of spence

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13
Q

what ligaments support the breast?

A

cooper’s ligaments

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14
Q

what are the 2 layers of tissue in the mammary layer?

A
  1. stromal
  2. epithelial
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15
Q

what structures make up the terminal duct lobular unit?

A

hundreds of acini per breast connect to terminal ducts

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16
Q

where is the retromammary space located?

A

bw the mammary layer and muscle layer

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17
Q

changing breast tissue and ductal enlargement is abnormal when a woman is lactating. T/F?

A

false – this is a normal occurence

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18
Q

what hormone is secreted when a woman is lactating?

A

prolactin

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19
Q

what week do the breasts start to develop in the embryo?

A

4th week

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20
Q

what prevents breasts from further developing in male embryos?

A

testosterone

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21
Q

where is the milk line located?

A

axilla to inguinal area

22
Q

what is the significance of the milk line?

A

this is where the breast develops

23
Q

what is amastia?

A

no breast develops

24
Q

what is polymastia?

A

more than 2 breasts develop

25
Q

what is athelia?

A

no nipple develops

26
Q

what is polythelia?

A

accessory nipple develops

27
Q

nipple inversion can be a developmental anomaly. T/F?

A

true

28
Q

what do cooper’s ligaments look like on US?

A

echogenic linear structures

29
Q

the mammary layer is iso or slightly hypoechoic to fat. T/F?

A

true

30
Q

how do the lactiferous ducts look like on US?

A

hypoechoic

31
Q

how do muscles look on US?

A

hypoechoic with echogenic striations

32
Q

what are 4 indications for a breast US?

A
  1. following up a mammogram
  2. cases when mammogram isn’t rec’d
  3. scanning dense breast tissue
  4. scanning a male breast
33
Q

what is the radial plane when scanning breast tissue?

A

scanning parallel to ducts

34
Q

what is the anti-radial plane when scanning breast tissue?

A

scanning perpendicular to ducts

35
Q

what are 2 methods for examining the breast?

A
  1. whole breast exam
  2. targeted breast exam
36
Q

what 2 types of annotations can you use when you see a mass during a breast exam?

A
  1. 1-2-3 approach
  2. ABC approach
37
Q

what is the 1-2-3 approach?

A

1 = near nipple
2 = middle distance
3 = breast periphery

38
Q

what is the ABC approach?

A

A = superficial
B = middle depth
C = near chest wall

39
Q

what does BIRADS stand for?

A

breast imaging reporting and data system

40
Q

what does a BIRAD category 0 stand for?

A

inconclusive findings – need more imaging

41
Q

what does a BIRAD category 1 stand for?

A

normal findings

42
Q

what does a BIRAD category 2 stand for?

A

benign

43
Q

what does a BIRADS category 3 stand for?

A

probably benign

44
Q

what does a BIRADS category 4 stand for?

A

suspicious findings

45
Q

what does a BIRADS category 5 stand for?

A

malignant

46
Q

what are the 2 views of the breast using mammography?

A
  1. medio-lateral oblique (MLO)
  2. craniocaudal (CC)
47
Q

which view is the most valuable view for mammo?

A

MLO

48
Q

what do you see with the MLO view?

A

mass localization is superior or inferior to the nipple

49
Q

what do you see with the CC view?

A

mass localization is medial or lateral to the nipple

50
Q

what are 3 reasons to get a breast augmentation?

A
  1. cosmetic purposes
  2. congenital deformity
  3. reconstruction after mastectomy
51
Q

2 types of material used for breast augmentation?

A
  1. saline
  2. silicone

DMS 300 Abdomen & Small Parts (14 decks)

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