Renals - Kawamura

Question 1

Renal sonography exams evaluate the function of the kidneys. T/F?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

What is the functional unit of the kidneys?

Answer 2

Nephron

Question 3

Around which gestational week do kidneys start to function?

Answer 3

8 weeks

Question 4

What is the normal adult kidney length?

Answer 4

10-12 cm

Question 5

What surrounds the kidney & adrenal gland & anchors them to the surrounding structures?

Answer 5

Gerota’s fascia

Question 6

Because the AO lies to the left of midline, the RRA is typically longer than the left. T/F?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are the extensions of cortex that lie between the renal pyramids called?

Answer 7

Renal columns/columns of Bertin

Question 8

What is a renal variation in which a local bulge is seen at the lateral border of the kidney called?

Answer 8

Dromedary hump

Question 9

What is excessive fatty infiltration of the renal pelvis called?

Answer 9

Renal sinus lipomatosis

Question 10

Amylase is NOT a lab value used to evaluate renal function. T/F?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

An RI in the adult kidney is normal if it is below what pulsatility index?

Answer 11

0.7

Question 12

What is the most common congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract?

Answer 12

Duplicated collecting system

Question 13

A patient comes in complaining of a pulsatile midline abdominal mass. What condition may be responsible?

Answer 13

Horseshoe kidney

Question 14

A 62 yo pt has a 2 cm cystic area in the lower pole cortex. What is the most likely diagnosis:
ADPKD
simple renal cyst
von hippel-lindau disease
medullary sponge disease

Answer 14

Simple renal cyst

Question 15

What is the sonographic appearance of medullary sponge kidney?

Answer 15

Normal sized kidneys
Highly echogenic pyramids without shadowing

Question 16

What is a cyst that originates in the renal parenchyma and protrudes into the renal sinus called?

Answer 16

Parapelvic cyst

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT associated with renal cortical cysts?
Tuberous sclerosis
von Hippel-Lindau disease
ADPKD
Amyloidosis

Answer 17

Amyloidosis

Question 18

Is hypernephroma a benign tumor?

Answer 18

No – malignant

Question 19

US appearance of angiomyolipoma (AML)

Answer 19

Made of blood vessels, muscle, fat
Looks echogenic, well-defined borders, solitary, small

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT have an increased risk of RCC?
von hippel-lindau disease
medullary sponge kidney
ADPKD
tuberous sclerosis

Answer 20

Medullary sponge kidney

Question 21

Renal artery stenosis cannot cause hydronephrosis. T/F?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Med term for kidney stones?

Answer 22

nephrolithiasis

Question 23

A common cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a lower UTI. T/F?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The incidence of UTIs is much higher in men. T/F?

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What bacteria is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis (kidney infx)?

Answer 25

E. coli

Question 26

What is pyonephrosis?

Answer 26

The presence of purulent material or pus in the collecting system

Question 27

What is the typical sonographic appearance of chronic medical renal disease?

Answer 27

Atrophied echogenic kidneys