Renals - Kawamura Flashcards

1
Q

Renal sonography exams evaluate the function of the kidneys. T/F?

A

False

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2
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidneys?

A

Nephron

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3
Q

Around which gestational week do kidneys start to function?

A

8 weeks

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4
Q

What is the normal adult kidney length?

A

10-12 cm

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5
Q

What surrounds the kidney & adrenal gland & anchors them to the surrounding structures?

A

Gerota’s fascia

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6
Q

Because the AO lies to the left of midline, the RRA is typically longer than the left. T/F?

A

True

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7
Q

What are the extensions of cortex that lie between the renal pyramids called?

A

Renal columns/columns of Bertin

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8
Q

What is a renal variation in which a local bulge is seen at the lateral border of the kidney called?

A

Dromedary hump

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9
Q

What is excessive fatty infiltration of the renal pelvis called?

A

Renal sinus lipomatosis

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10
Q

Amylase is NOT a lab value used to evaluate renal function. T/F?

A

True

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11
Q

An RI in the adult kidney is normal if it is below what pulsatility index?

A

0.7

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12
Q

What is the most common congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract?

A

Duplicated collecting system

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13
Q

A patient comes in complaining of a pulsatile midline abdominal mass. What condition may be responsible?

A

Horseshoe kidney

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14
Q

A 62 yo pt has a 2 cm cystic area in the lower pole cortex. What is the most likely diagnosis:
ADPKD
simple renal cyst
von hippel-lindau disease
medullary sponge disease

A

Simple renal cyst

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15
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of medullary sponge kidney?

A

Normal sized kidneys
Highly echogenic pyramids without shadowing

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16
Q

What is a cyst that originates in the renal parenchyma and protrudes into the renal sinus called?

A

Parapelvic cyst

17
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with renal cortical cysts?
Tuberous sclerosis
von Hippel-Lindau disease
ADPKD
Amyloidosis

A

Amyloidosis

18
Q

Is hypernephroma a benign tumor?

A

No – malignant

19
Q

US appearance of angiomyolipoma (AML)

A

Made of blood vessels, muscle, fat
Looks echogenic, well-defined borders, solitary, small

20
Q

Which of the following does NOT have an increased risk of RCC?
von hippel-lindau disease
medullary sponge kidney
ADPKD
tuberous sclerosis

A

Medullary sponge kidney

21
Q

Renal artery stenosis cannot cause hydronephrosis. T/F?

22
Q

Med term for kidney stones?

A

nephrolithiasis

23
Q

A common cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a lower UTI. T/F?

24
Q

The incidence of UTIs is much higher in men. T/F?

25
What bacteria is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis (kidney infx)?
E. coli
26
What is pyonephrosis?
The presence of purulent material or pus in the collecting system
27
What is the typical sonographic appearance of chronic medical renal disease?
Atrophied echogenic kidneys