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DMS 300 Abdomen & Small Parts > Breast - Kawamura > Flashcards

Breast - Kawamura Flashcards

1
Q

mammography can easily detect lesions in a dense breast. T/F?

A

false

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2
Q

mammography cannot determine whether a mass is cystic or solid. T/F?

A

true

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3
Q

mammography can detect microcalcifications, which may be the first sign of malignancy. T/F?

A

true

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4
Q

sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications. T/F?

A

false

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5
Q

sonography is useful for differentiating cystic from solid lesions. T/F?

A

true

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6
Q

what is the functional unit of the breast?

A

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

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7
Q

where is the majority of the glandular tissue of the breast found?

A

upper outer quadrant

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8
Q

what attaches breast tissue to the skin?

A

cooper’s ligaments

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9
Q

the majority of breast lymph drains into what nodes?

A

axillary nodes

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10
Q

which breast layer is between the anterior & posterior mammary fascia?

A

mammary layer

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11
Q

what is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?

A

less than 1 cm

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12
Q

harmonic imaging, spatial compounding, and broad bandwidth transducers all help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography. T/F?

A

true

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13
Q

what is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35-50 years old?

A

breast cysts

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14
Q

a patient with a simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which BI-RAD classification?

A

BI-RADS 2

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15
Q

a fluid-debris level that changes dependent to patient positioning would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes. T/F?

A

true

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16
Q

echoes along the wall of a cyst that do NOT change with patient position may be indicative of malignancy or neoplastic change. T/F?

A

true

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17
Q

a mixed cystic/solid lesion may indicate malignancy. T/F?

A

true

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18
Q

a thickened cyst wall of over 5 mm is NOT worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes. T/F?

A

false – it may indicte malignancy

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19
Q

what is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women?

A

galactocele

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20
Q

what is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?

A

hypoechoic area with shadowing that is reduced/eliminated with transducer pressure

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21
Q

what is the most common benign solid tumor of the female breast?

A

fibroadenoma

22
Q

DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) is the most common noninvasive breast cancer. T/F?

A

true

23
Q

what is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?

A

paget disease

24
Q

what is the most common breast cancer?

A

IDC NOS (invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified)

25
Q

what is the most common male breast anomaly?

A

gynecomastia

26
Q

what is gynecomastia?

A

an overdevelopment of breast tissue in men or boys

27
Q

a cancer tends to be smaller on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image. T/F?

A

false – cancer tends to be larger on the elastogram

28
Q

most benign masses tend to be stiffer on elastogram. T/F?

A

false

29
Q

hard lesions tend to show more deformation or strain than soft tissues on elastography. T/F?

A

false, hard lesions show less deformation vs. soft tissues on elastography

30
Q

a benign mass is typically wider than tall. T/F?

A

true

31
Q

which of the following make a mass suspicious for malignancy?
angular or spiculated margins
nipple retraction
shadowing
all of the above

A

all of the above

32
Q

a mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on mammo & US with multiple suspicious features would be classified as what?

A

BI-RADS 5

33
Q

which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and doesn’t invade the basement membrane?

A

DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)

34
Q

what are the 3 layers of the breast?

A

subcutaneous fat/premammary layer
mammary/parenchymal layer
retromammary layer

35
Q

how many lobes are in the mammary layer and how are they arranged?

A

15-20
arranged in a radial pattern around nipple

36
Q

how many TDLU’s are in each lobe of the mammary layer?

A

20-40

37
Q

the ___ ___ lies beneath the upper 2/3 of the breast. the pectoralis minor muscle lies ___ the major muscle.

A

pectoralis major; beneath

38
Q

what is the normal skin thickness in the breast?

A

2 mm

39
Q

where can the skin be thicker in the breast?

A

around the areola and inframmary fold

40
Q

what layer lies between the posterior mammary fascia and pectoralis major muscle?

A

retromammary fat layer

41
Q

what does the craniocaudal view demonstrate in mammo?

A

it shows the medial, central, and lateral breast

42
Q

the MLO view in mammorgraphy demonstrates the breast in profile from the ____ to the ___ fold and includes a portion of the ___ muscle

A

axilla; inframammary; pectoralis

43
Q

what is inflammation of the breast called?

A

mastitis

44
Q

what is the condition that results due to inflammation or ischemic processes, usually dt breast trauma?

A

fat necrosis

45
Q

a palpable, oval, well-circumscribed solid mass that is enlarging in pregnancy is commonly a secretory or ___ ___

A

lactating adenoma

46
Q

an intraductal papilloma typically occurs within a major ___ ___ and can lead to ___

A

lactiferous duct; obstruction

47
Q

noninvasive breast cancer is called carcinoma __ __. what are the 2 types?

A

in situ;
local carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

48
Q

what is the most common breast cancer?

A

invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS)

49
Q

what is a clinical symptom of papillary carcinoma?

A

bloody nipple discharge

50
Q

where is usually the first site of metastasis from a primary breast cancer?

A

ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes

51
Q

what are common distant sites for breast metastasis?

A

lungs, brain, liver, bone

52
Q

what is the technique called when a patient is asked to hum during real-time imaging? what happens to abnormal tissues during this technique?

A

vocal fremitus is used; abnormal tissues tend to show a void of color

DMS 300 Abdomen & Small Parts (14 decks)

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