Breast - Kawamura Flashcards

1
Q

mammography can easily detect lesions in a dense breast. T/F?

A

false

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2
Q

mammography cannot determine whether a mass is cystic or solid. T/F?

A

true

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3
Q

mammography can detect microcalcifications, which may be the first sign of malignancy. T/F?

A

true

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4
Q

sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications. T/F?

A

false

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5
Q

sonography is useful for differentiating cystic from solid lesions. T/F?

A

true

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6
Q

what is the functional unit of the breast?

A

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

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7
Q

where is the majority of the glandular tissue of the breast found?

A

upper outer quadrant

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8
Q

what attaches breast tissue to the skin?

A

cooper’s ligaments

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9
Q

the majority of breast lymph drains into what nodes?

A

axillary nodes

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10
Q

which breast layer is between the anterior & posterior mammary fascia?

A

mammary layer

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11
Q

what is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?

A

less than 1 cm

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12
Q

harmonic imaging, spatial compounding, and broad bandwidth transducers all help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography. T/F?

A

true

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13
Q

what is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35-50 years old?

A

breast cysts

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14
Q

a patient with a simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which BI-RAD classification?

A

BI-RADS 2

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15
Q

a fluid-debris level that changes dependent to patient positioning would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes. T/F?

A

true

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16
Q

echoes along the wall of a cyst that do NOT change with patient position may be indicative of malignancy or neoplastic change. T/F?

A

true

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17
Q

a mixed cystic/solid lesion may indicate malignancy. T/F?

A

true

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18
Q

a thickened cyst wall of over 5 mm is NOT worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes. T/F?

A

false – it may indicte malignancy

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19
Q

what is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women?

A

galactocele

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20
Q

what is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?

A

hypoechoic area with shadowing that is reduced/eliminated with transducer pressure

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21
Q

what is the most common benign solid tumor of the female breast?

A

fibroadenoma

22
Q

DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) is the most common noninvasive breast cancer. T/F?

23
Q

what is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?

A

paget disease

24
Q

what is the most common breast cancer?

A

IDC NOS (invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified)

25
what is the most common male breast anomaly?
gynecomastia
26
what is gynecomastia?
an overdevelopment of breast tissue in men or boys
27
a cancer tends to be smaller on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image. T/F?
false -- cancer tends to be larger on the elastogram
28
most benign masses tend to be stiffer on elastogram. T/F?
false
29
hard lesions tend to show more deformation or strain than soft tissues on elastography. T/F?
false, hard lesions show less deformation vs. soft tissues on elastography
30
a benign mass is typically wider than tall. T/F?
true
31
which of the following make a mass suspicious for malignancy? angular or spiculated margins nipple retraction shadowing all of the above
all of the above
32
a mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on mammo & US with multiple suspicious features would be classified as what?
BI-RADS 5
33
which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and doesn't invade the basement membrane?
DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)
34
what are the 3 layers of the breast?
subcutaneous fat/premammary layer mammary/parenchymal layer retromammary layer
35
how many lobes are in the mammary layer and how are they arranged?
15-20 arranged in a radial pattern around nipple
36
how many TDLU's are in each lobe of the mammary layer?
20-40
37
the ___ ___ lies beneath the upper 2/3 of the breast. the pectoralis minor muscle lies ___ the major muscle.
pectoralis major; beneath
38
what is the normal skin thickness in the breast?
2 mm
39
where can the skin be thicker in the breast?
around the areola and inframmary fold
40
what layer lies between the posterior mammary fascia and pectoralis major muscle?
retromammary fat layer
41
what does the craniocaudal view demonstrate in mammo?
it shows the medial, central, and lateral breast
42
the MLO view in mammorgraphy demonstrates the breast in profile from the ____ to the ___ fold and includes a portion of the ___ muscle
axilla; inframammary; pectoralis
43
what is inflammation of the breast called?
mastitis
44
what is the condition that results due to inflammation or ischemic processes, usually dt breast trauma?
fat necrosis
45
a palpable, oval, well-circumscribed solid mass that is enlarging in pregnancy is commonly a secretory or ___ ___
lactating adenoma
46
an intraductal papilloma typically occurs within a major ___ ___ and can lead to ___
lactiferous duct; obstruction
47
noninvasive breast cancer is called carcinoma __ __. what are the 2 types?
in situ; local carcinoma in situ (LCIS) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
48
what is the most common breast cancer?
invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS)
49
what is a clinical symptom of papillary carcinoma?
bloody nipple discharge
50
where is usually the first site of metastasis from a primary breast cancer?
ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes
51
what are common distant sites for breast metastasis?
lungs, brain, liver, bone
52
what is the technique called when a patient is asked to hum during real-time imaging? what happens to abnormal tissues during this technique?
vocal fremitus is used; abnormal tissues tend to show a void of color