Breast - Kawamura

Question 1

mammography can easily detect lesions in a dense breast. T/F?

Answer 1

false

Question 2

mammography cannot determine whether a mass is cystic or solid. T/F?

Answer 2

true

Question 3

mammography can detect microcalcifications, which may be the first sign of malignancy. T/F?

Answer 3

true

Question 4

sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications. T/F?

Answer 4

false

Question 5

sonography is useful for differentiating cystic from solid lesions. T/F?

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what is the functional unit of the breast?

Answer 6

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

Question 7

where is the majority of the glandular tissue of the breast found?

Answer 7

upper outer quadrant

Question 8

what attaches breast tissue to the skin?

Answer 8

cooper’s ligaments

Question 9

the majority of breast lymph drains into what nodes?

Answer 9

axillary nodes

Question 10

which breast layer is between the anterior & posterior mammary fascia?

Answer 10

mammary layer

Question 11

what is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?

Answer 11

less than 1 cm

Question 12

harmonic imaging, spatial compounding, and broad bandwidth transducers all help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography. T/F?

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35-50 years old?

Answer 13

breast cysts

Question 14

a patient with a simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which BI-RAD classification?

Answer 14

BI-RADS 2

Question 15

a fluid-debris level that changes dependent to patient positioning would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes. T/F?

Answer 15

true

Question 16

echoes along the wall of a cyst that do NOT change with patient position may be indicative of malignancy or neoplastic change. T/F?

Answer 16

true

Question 17

a mixed cystic/solid lesion may indicate malignancy. T/F?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

a thickened cyst wall of over 5 mm is NOT worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes. T/F?

Answer 18

false – it may indicte malignancy

Question 19

what is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women?

Answer 19

galactocele

Question 20

what is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?

Answer 20

hypoechoic area with shadowing that is reduced/eliminated with transducer pressure

Question 21

what is the most common benign solid tumor of the female breast?

Answer 21

fibroadenoma

Question 22

DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) is the most common noninvasive breast cancer. T/F?

Answer 22

true

Question 23

what is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?

Answer 23

paget disease

Question 24

what is the most common breast cancer?

Answer 24

IDC NOS (invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified)

Question 25

what is the most common male breast anomaly?

Answer 25

gynecomastia

Question 26

what is gynecomastia?

Answer 26

an overdevelopment of breast tissue in men or boys

Question 27

a cancer tends to be smaller on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image. T/F?

Answer 27

false -- cancer tends to be larger on the elastogram

Question 28

most benign masses tend to be stiffer on elastogram. T/F?

Answer 28

false

Question 29

hard lesions tend to show more deformation or strain than soft tissues on elastography. T/F?

Answer 29

false, hard lesions show less deformation vs. soft tissues on elastography

Question 30

a benign mass is typically wider than tall. T/F?

Answer 30

true

Question 31

which of the following make a mass suspicious for malignancy? angular or spiculated margins nipple retraction shadowing all of the above

Answer 31

all of the above

Question 32

a mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on mammo & US with multiple suspicious features would be classified as what?

Answer 32

BI-RADS 5

Question 33

which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and doesn't invade the basement membrane?

Answer 33

DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)

Question 34

what are the 3 layers of the breast?

Answer 34

subcutaneous fat/premammary layer mammary/parenchymal layer retromammary layer

Question 35

how many lobes are in the mammary layer and how are they arranged?

Answer 35

15-20 arranged in a radial pattern around nipple

Question 36

how many TDLU's are in each lobe of the mammary layer?

Answer 36

20-40

Question 37

the ___ ___ lies beneath the upper 2/3 of the breast. the pectoralis minor muscle lies ___ the major muscle.

Answer 37

pectoralis major; beneath

Question 38

what is the normal skin thickness in the breast?

Answer 38

2 mm

Question 39

where can the skin be thicker in the breast?

Answer 39

around the areola and inframmary fold

Question 40

what layer lies between the posterior mammary fascia and pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 40

retromammary fat layer

Question 41

what does the craniocaudal view demonstrate in mammo?

Answer 41

it shows the medial, central, and lateral breast

Question 42

the MLO view in mammorgraphy demonstrates the breast in profile from the ____ to the ___ fold and includes a portion of the ___ muscle

Answer 42

axilla; inframammary; pectoralis

Question 43

what is inflammation of the breast called?

Answer 43

mastitis

Question 44

what is the condition that results due to inflammation or ischemic processes, usually dt breast trauma?

Answer 44

fat necrosis

Question 45

a palpable, oval, well-circumscribed solid mass that is enlarging in pregnancy is commonly a secretory or ___ ___

Answer 45

lactating adenoma

Question 46

an intraductal papilloma typically occurs within a major ___ ___ and can lead to ___

Answer 46

lactiferous duct; obstruction

Question 47

noninvasive breast cancer is called carcinoma __ __. what are the 2 types?

Answer 47

in situ; local carcinoma in situ (LCIS) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

Question 48

what is the most common breast cancer?

Answer 48

invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS)

Question 49

what is a clinical symptom of papillary carcinoma?

Answer 49

bloody nipple discharge

Question 50

where is usually the first site of metastasis from a primary breast cancer?

Answer 50

ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes

Question 51

what are common distant sites for breast metastasis?

Answer 51

lungs, brain, liver, bone

Question 52

what is the technique called when a patient is asked to hum during real-time imaging? what happens to abnormal tissues during this technique?

Answer 52

vocal fremitus is used; abnormal tissues tend to show a void of color