Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABD BOARD > SCROTUM > Flashcards

SCROTUM Flashcards

1
Q

testicular neoplasms are the most malignancy in men ______ to ______ years.

A

15

35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

______ are the most common testicular cancers.

A

germ cell tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

germ cell tumors are either classified as ______ or ______ based on their histology.

A

seminoma

nonseminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

______ is the most common germ cell type

A

seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

risk factors of testicular tumors (seminoma) include:

A 
cryptochidism
family hx
infertility
klinefelter syndrom (XXY)
down syndrome
smoking 
white race
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What lab tests (tumor markers) are elevated for testicular cancer?

A

Hcg
AFP
LDH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

______ is associated with nonseminomas

A

AFP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ is associated with both seminomas and nonseminomas

A

hCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______ masses consist of a mixture of cell types.

A

nonseminomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ is the most common testicular tumor in infants and young children

A

yolk-sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

yolk sac tumors are associated with ______

A

AFP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ is a rare stomal (non-germ cell) testicular tumor occuring in boys (5-10 yr) & men (30-60 yrs)

A

leydig cell tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

leydig cell tumors produce ______

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ are normally located near the mediastinum testis and probably originate from the rete testis

A

intratesticular cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

______ cysts are benign tumors of germ cell origin. These well-circumscribed solid tumors lie beneath the tunica albuginea.

A

epidermoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

epidermoid cysts are well defined, solid, hypoechoic masses with ______ formed by multiple layers of keratin.

A

echogenic capsule (onion ring pattern)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

testicular abscesses are often a complication of ______

A

epididymo-orchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

calcifications (scrotal pearls) may be located within the testicle or between the layers of ______

A

tunica vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

segmental testicular infarcts typically present as a ______ lesion

A

triangular, avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a hydrocele is a serous fluid collection that accumulates within or bewtween the ______

A

tunica vaginalis layers (visceral & parietal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most hydroceles are congenital (found in boys 1-2 yrs) caused by failed closure of the ______ at the internal ring.

A

processus vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

______ is seen when blood fills the scrotal chamber associated with trauma

A

hematocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a varicocele is a dilatation of the ______ of the testicular vein which drain the testicle

A

pampiniform venous plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

90% of varicoceles are on the ______ side.

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the left testicular vein drains into ______

A

left renal vein

26
Q

the right testicular vein drains into the ______

A

IVC

27
Q

______ is the most common correctable cause of male infertility

A

varicocele

28
Q

scrotal hernia results from bowel protruding through the inguinal canal into the ______ of the scrotum

A

tunica vaginalis

29
Q

the most common extratesticular tumor is the ______ tumor.

A

adenomatoid

30
Q

______ tumors usually involve the epididymis

A

extratesticular

31
Q

______ are cystic masses of the epididymis that result in dilatation of the epididymal tubules

A

spermatoceles

32
Q

______ are composed of clear fluid whereas ______ are composed of thick, milky fluid containing spermatozoa.

A

epi head cyst

spermatocele

33
Q

______ usually occur at the epi head

A

spermatocele

34
Q

sonographic findings of epididymitis include:

A

enlarged, hypoechoic epi
hyperemic
reactive hydrocele
scrotal wall thickening

35
Q

acute epididymitis is usually caused by ______

A

sexually transmitted organisms (chlamydia & gonorrhea)

36
Q

sonographic findings of orchitis include:

A

enlarged, hypoechoic testicle
hyperemia
decreased arterial resistance

37
Q

______ is when the testicle can rotate freely on the spermatic cord

A

bell clapper deformity

38
Q

decreasing ______ will better optimize slow blood flow to rule out testicular torsion

A

pulse repetition frequency (scale)

39
Q

______ torsion occurs outside the tunica vaginalis, when the testis and gubernaculum can rotate freely. This occurs exclusively in NEWBORNS.

A

extravaginal testicular

40
Q

______ torsion occurs when the testicle can rotate freely on the spermatic cord because it is not attached to the tunica vaginalis

A

intravaginal testicular

41
Q

______ is a treatment of cryptochidism and is usually performed on patients 2-10 yrs.

A

orchioplexy

42
Q

______ & ______ are complications of cryptorchidism

A

infertility

cancer

43
Q

______ is the congenital absence of the testicle

A

anorchia

44
Q

the testicle is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, the ______

A

tunica albuginea

45
Q

multiple septations (septula) arise from the tunica albuginea to form the ______ which is sonographically seen as an echogenic linear band extending longitudinally within the testis

A

mediastinum testis

46
Q

The septula forms wedge-shaped compartments that contain the ______

A

seminiferous tubules

47
Q

the seminiferous tubules converge to form the ______

A

tubuli recti

48
Q

The ______ connect the seminiferous tubule to the rete testis

A

tubuli recti

49
Q

the ______ is an anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm to the epididymis.

A

rete testis

50
Q

the ______ carry the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis

A

efferent ductules

51
Q

This is where the efferent ductules converge to form a single convoluted duct (ductus epididymis)

A

epi head

52
Q

the ______ is a remnant of the mullerian duct, is a small ovoid structure located beneath the head of the epididymis

A

appendix testis

53
Q

Torsion of an appendix testis can occur in boys aged 7-12 resulting in a ______ sign

A

blue dot

54
Q

the ______, representing a detached efferent duct, is a small stalk projecting off the epididymis.

A

appendix epididymis

55
Q

an appendix epididymis is derived from the ______ duct

A

wolffian

56
Q

the ______ is a layer of muscle beneath the scrotal skin and dividing the scrotum into two chambers

A

dartos

57
Q

the division of the 2 scrotal chambers in the 3rd trimester is called the ______

A

scrotal raphe

58
Q

the ______ is a saccular extension of the peritoneum into the scrotal chambers

A

tunica vaginalis

59
Q

the inner or ______ layer of the tunica vaginalis covers the testis and epi

A

visceral

60
Q

the outer or ______ layer of the tunica vaginalis lines the scrotal chambers

A

parietal

61
Q

route of sperm:

A 
seminiferous tubules
tubuli recti
rete testis
efferent ductules
ductus epididymis
vas deferens

ABD BOARD (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions