GI Flashcards
the normal intestinal wall is between ______ to ______ thick depending on distention of bowel
3-5 mm
What are the four concentric layers of the bowel?
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia or serosa
The segment of esophagus between the diaphragm and the stomach
gastroesophageal junction
This sonographic sign appears as a hypoechoic external rim corresponding to thickened intestinal wall and hyperechoic center relating to a residual gut lumen or mucosal ulceration.
targer
pseudokidney
The presence of air within the peritoneum cavity
pneumoperitoneum
The most common cause of pneumoperitoneum is a perferation of the abdominal viscus, most commonly by a ______
perforated ulcer
The typical location of the appendix is ______ to the terminal ileum and ______ to the iliac vessels
posterior
anterior
The RLQ location of the appendix between the umbilicus and the iliac crest
McBurney’s point
sonographic criteria for diagnosing an inflammatory appendix includes
non-comp
>6mm dia
appendicolith (fecalith)
______ is causes a functional gastric outlet obstruction as a result of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the muscular layers of he pylorus
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
a neonate with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis will present with:
vomiting
palpable “olive-shaped” pylorus
visible parastalsis
pylorus size criteria includes muscle wall thickness (most accurate measurement) ______ channel length ______ and cross sectional dia ______
> 3 mm
17 mm
15 mm
in patients younger than 4 wks, ______ is said to be the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction
pylorospasm
______ is the inflammation of the diverticulum (chronic outpouchings)
diverticulitis
most diverticula involve the ______
sigmoid colon
mechanical small-bowel obstruction can be caused by:
intraluminal (food bolus)
bowel wall lesion (tumor, crohn disease)
extrinsic (adhesions, hernia)-most common
volvulus (twisting of the intestines)
intussuseption is classically associated with children most commonly ______-______ years
6 months
4 years
pediatic intussusception are usually thought to occur secondary to ______ following a viral infection
lymphoid hypertrophy
90% of intussusception is when the ileum invaginates into the proximal colon which is termed as ______
ileocolic
the #1 sign of intussusception clinically is ______
bloody diarrhea
lack of perfusion in intussusceptum on color imaging may indicate ______
bowel ischemia
