GI

Question 1

the normal intestinal wall is between ______ to ______ thick depending on distention of bowel

Answer 1

3-5 mm

Question 2

What are the four concentric layers of the bowel?

Answer 2

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia or serosa

Question 3

The segment of esophagus between the diaphragm and the stomach

Answer 3

gastroesophageal junction

Question 4

This sonographic sign appears as a hypoechoic external rim corresponding to thickened intestinal wall and hyperechoic center relating to a residual gut lumen or mucosal ulceration.

Answer 4

targer

pseudokidney

Question 5

The presence of air within the peritoneum cavity

Answer 5

pneumoperitoneum

Question 6

The most common cause of pneumoperitoneum is a perferation of the abdominal viscus, most commonly by a ______

Answer 6

perforated ulcer

Question 7

The typical location of the appendix is ______ to the terminal ileum and ______ to the iliac vessels

Answer 7

posterior

anterior

Question 8

The RLQ location of the appendix between the umbilicus and the iliac crest

Answer 8

McBurney’s point

Question 9

sonographic criteria for diagnosing an inflammatory appendix includes

Answer 9

non-comp
>6mm dia
appendicolith (fecalith)

Question 10

______ is causes a functional gastric outlet obstruction as a result of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the muscular layers of he pylorus

Answer 10

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 11

a neonate with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis will present with:

Answer 11

vomiting
palpable “olive-shaped” pylorus
visible parastalsis

Question 12

pylorus size criteria includes muscle wall thickness (most accurate measurement) ______ channel length ______ and cross sectional dia ______

Answer 12

> 3 mm
17 mm
15 mm

Question 13

in patients younger than 4 wks, ______ is said to be the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 13

pylorospasm

Question 14

______ is the inflammation of the diverticulum (chronic outpouchings)

Answer 14

diverticulitis

Question 15

most diverticula involve the ______

Answer 15

sigmoid colon

Question 16

mechanical small-bowel obstruction can be caused by:

Answer 16

intraluminal (food bolus)
bowel wall lesion (tumor, crohn disease)
extrinsic (adhesions, hernia)-most common
volvulus (twisting of the intestines)

Question 17

intussuseption is classically associated with children most commonly ______-______ years

Answer 17

6 months

4 years

Question 18

pediatic intussusception are usually thought to occur secondary to ______ following a viral infection

Answer 18

lymphoid hypertrophy

Question 19

90% of intussusception is when the ileum invaginates into the proximal colon which is termed as ______

Answer 19

ileocolic

Question 20

the #1 sign of intussusception clinically is ______

Answer 20

bloody diarrhea

Question 21

lack of perfusion in intussusceptum on color imaging may indicate ______

Answer 21

bowel ischemia