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ABD BOARD > RETROPERITONEUM > Flashcards

RETROPERITONEUM Flashcards

1
Q

the peritoneum consists of two layers the ______ & ______

A

parietal (outer)

visceral (inner)

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2
Q

the ______ is situated between the liver, pancreas and stomach

A

lesser sac

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3
Q

the entrance to the lesser sac is the ______

A

epiploic foramen

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4
Q

the ______ is the rest of the peritoneal cavity (ascites with floating bowel)

A

greater sac

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5
Q

______ is a peritoneal recess extending between the rectum and uterus.

A

pouch of douglas (rectouterine pouch)

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6
Q

In men, the corresponding space to the pouch of douglas is termed as ______

A

rectovesical pouch

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7
Q

name the intraperitoneal structures

A 
stomach 
jejunum
1st part of duodenum
appy
spleen
cecum
transvere sigmoid colon
rectum
liver
uterus
fallopian tubes
ovaries
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8
Q

the ______ is a posteriorly located compartment that lies between the transversalis fascia and the posterior parietal peritoneum

A

retroperitoneum

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9
Q

Two layers of renal fascia divide the retroperitoneum coronally into three compartments

A

anterior pararenal space
perirenal space
posterior pararenal space

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10
Q

kidneys and adrenal glands lie within the ______

A

perirenal space

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11
Q

the quadratus lumborum and the psoas muscles lie posterior to the ______

A

posterior pararenal space

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12
Q

name the retroperitoneal structures

A 
kidneys & ureters
adrenal glands
ascending and descending colon
2nd, 3rd, and 4th part of duodenum
pancreas
ao & IVC
renal vessels
SMA
gonadal vessels
lymphatics
rectum
esophagus
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13
Q

the AO enters the abd cavity in a ______ location

A

posterior

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14
Q

the celiac axis terminates with the bifurcation of the ______ & the ______

A

common hepatic artery

splenic artery

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15
Q

the common hepatic artery courses toward the liver and bifurcates into ______ & ______

A

proper hepatic

gastroduodenal

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16
Q

the ______ branches off the AO about 1 cm below the celiac axis

A

SMA

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17
Q

in a fasting state, the SMA is ______ resistive & is ______ postparandial

A

high

low (increased velocity)

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18
Q

the RRA passes ______ to the IVC

A

posterior

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19
Q

the IVC lies to the ______ of the AO and ______ to the pancreatic head and liver

A

right

posterior

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20
Q

IVC ______ with cardiac failure and fluid overload

A

dilates

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21
Q

the most common tumor to involve the IVC is ______

A

renal cell carcinoma

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22
Q

______ are used to prevent the ascent of lower extremity vein thrombus

A

IVC filter

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23
Q

______ is the engorgement of the left renal vein due to its compression by the SMA & AO

A

nutcracker syndrome

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24
Q

the right gonadal vein drains into the ______

A

IVC

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25
Q

the left gondal vein drains into the ______

A

left renal vein

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26
Q

______ is also known as ormond’s disease or inflammatory aneurysm, is a dense fibrous tissue proliferation confined to the paravertebral region

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis

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27
Q

retroperitoneal fibrosis extends superior to the level of L-2 and may extend inferiorly to the dome of the bladder. generally it is centered at the ______

A

AO bifurcation

28
Q

retroperitoneal fibrosis is associated with ______

A

bilateral renal obstruction

29
Q

the azygous vein is located on the ______ and the hemizygous vein is located on the ______

A

right

left

30
Q

the ascending lumbar veins are branches of the ______

A

common iliac veins

31
Q

the right ascending lumbar vein at the level of the diaphragm joins the ______ to form the azygos vein

A

right submucosal

32
Q

the left ascending lumber vein at the level of the diaphragm joins the ______ to form the hemiazygos vein

A

left submucosal

33
Q

the ______ is shaped like a triangle or pyramid. it is located on the superior, anterior and medial aspect of the upper pole of the right kidney

A

right adrenal gland

34
Q

the ______ is crescent shaped and is located anteriormedial to the upper pole of the left kidney

A

left adrenal gland

35
Q

the crus of the diaphragm is located:

A

anterior to the AO
superior to the celiac axis
posterior to the IVC

36
Q

the ______ is located medial and posterior to all of the structures except the aorta

A

crus

37
Q

the ______ is hypoechoic and typically is less echogenic that the surrounding retroperitoneal fat

A

adrenal cortex

38
Q

the ______ is seen as an echogenic linear structure within the adrenal gland

A

adrenal medulla

39
Q

three arteries supply each adrenal gland

A

suprarenal branch of the inferior phrenic artery
suprarenal branch of the AO
suprarenal branch of the renal artery

40
Q

the right suprarenal vein drains into the ______

A

IVC

41
Q

the left suprarenal vein drains into the ______

A

left renal vein

42
Q

the adrenal cortical hormones (ACH) are regulated by the adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) of the ______

A

anterior pituitary gland

43
Q

______ is a hyperfunctioning adrenal adenoma resulting in excessive cortisol secretion (hypercortisolism)

A

cushing’s syndrome

44
Q

______ is a type of high functioning adrenal adenoma resulting from excessive aldosterone secretion

A

conn syndrome (primary aldosterone)

45
Q

______ is a type of hyperfunctioning adrenal adenoma resulting from excessive androgen production (overabundance of hair)

A

hirsutism

46
Q

the majority of patients that present with adrenal cortical carcinoma present with ______ syndrome

A

cushing’s syndrome

47
Q

adrenal cortical carcinomas have a tendency to invade the ______ or ______

A

IVC

renal veins

48
Q

pheochromocytomas are associated with ______ & ______

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)

Von Hippel-Lindau disease

49
Q

pheochromocytomas secrete catecholamines ______ & ______

A

norepinephrine

epinephrine

50
Q

______ originate in the adrenal medulla but may occur in ectopic locations such as along the paraaortic sympathetic nerve chain & the majority of these are benign

A

pheochromocytoma

51
Q

______ are benign, nonfunctioning adrenal masses that contain fat and bone elements

A

myelolipoma

52
Q

______ is a malignant tumor that arises from the sympathetic nervous system commonly occurring in the adrenal medulla but may also occur in the neck, chest, or pelvis

A

adrenal neuroblastoma

53
Q

adrenal involvement with lymphoma is common and frequently ______

A

bilateral

54
Q

the adrenal glands are the ______ most common site for malignancy after lungs, liver and bone

A

4th

55
Q

______ is the most common adrenal mass is a neonate/newborn

A

adrenal hemmorhage

56
Q

if there is a right liver mass, which direction will the IVC be displaced?

A

posterior

57
Q

if there is a right renal artery aneurysm, which direction will the IVC be displaced?

A

anterior

58
Q

if there is a tortuous AO which direction will the IVC be displaced?

A

right

59
Q

if there is a right adrenal mass, which direction will the IVC be displaced?

A

medial/anterior

60
Q

if there is a right renal mass, which direction will the IVC be displaced?

A

medial/left

61
Q

what direction will the splenic vein be displaced by a left adrenal mass?

A

anterior

62
Q

What direction will the bladder be displaced by a hematoma in the pouch of douglas

A

anterior

63
Q

with a gastric outlet obstruction and dilatation of the stomach, what direction will the pancreatic tail be displaced?

A

posterior

64
Q

what direction will a mass in the uncinate process displace the SMV?

A

inferior

65
Q

what direction will a mass in the left lobe of the liver displace the gastroesophageal junction?

A

posterior

66
Q

the most common adrenal mass in infancy and early childhood is ______

A

adrenal neuroblastoma

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