MISC

Question 1

______ is a complex mass (solid & cystic) with debris, septations and gas can be seen within. Typically has posterior enhancement depending on the cystic component.

Answer 1

abscess

Question 2

The most reliable finding in patients with abscesses are ________ & ________.

Answer 2

fever

increased WBC

Question 3

______ is an extrahepatic collection of extravasated bile (predominantly cystic).

Answer 3

biloma

Question 4

bilomas are predominantly associated with ______, ______ & ______.

Answer 4

abdominal trauma
gallbladder disease
biliary surgery

Question 5

______ is caused by leakage of lymph from a renal allograft, or by a surgical disruption of the lymphatic channels.

Answer 5

lymphocele

Question 6

lymphoceles are complications of ______, ______, ______ or ______.

Answer 6

renal tx
gyn surgery
vascular surgery
urological surgery

Question 7

______ is a collection of urine which is located outside of the kidney or bladder.

Answer 7

urinoma

Question 8

urinomas are most commonly associated with ______ & ______.

Answer 8

renal tx

posterior urethral valve obstruction

Question 9

what are the risk factors of hip dysplasia?

Answer 9

female
first born children
frank breech position
family hx of DDH
oligohydramnios

Question 10

______ is a spectrum of disorders affecting the proximal femur and acetabulum that leads to hip subluxation and dislocation.

Answer 10

developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

Question 11

Hip US is usually performed ______ weeks of age. DDH is 3x more likely in the ______ hip.

Answer 11

4

left

Question 12

______ is a stress maneuver in which the hip is dislocated by adducting and pushing the leg posteriorly.

Answer 12

barlow

Question 13

______ is a stress maneuver in which the dislocated hip is relocated by abducting the leg. A palpable and audible “clunk” is noted as the femoral head slips back into socket.

Answer 13

ortolani

Question 14

______ nodules typically cluster anterior and posterior to linear structures such as the AO, IVC & SMA. This is known as the sandwich or mantle sign.

Answer 14

lymphomatous

Question 15

lymphoma is noted to displace the ______ & the ______ anteriorly.

Answer 15

ivc

sma

Question 16

______ is the excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 16

ascites

Question 17

two mechanisms that produce ascites are ______ & ______.

Answer 17

low serum osmotic pressure (protein loss)

high portal venous pressure

Question 18

the most common cause of ascites is ______ followed by ______, ______, & ______.

Answer 18

cirrhosis
renal failure
congestive heart failure
cancer (malignant ascites)

Question 19

______ is a malignancy characterized by the progressive accumulation of mucus-secreting tumor cells within the peritoneum. This disease is most commonly associated with cancer of the ______.

Answer 19

pseudomyxoma peritonei

appendix

Question 20

pleural effusions are classified as ______ or ______ based on Light’s criteria which is a comparison of pleural fluid and blood chemistries (protein, LDH).

Answer 20

transudates

exudates

Question 21

transudative effusions (pressure infiltration) caused by increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure. Caused by ______, ______, ______.

Answer 21

heart failure (most common)
liver failure (cirrhosis)
renal failure (nephrotic syndrome)

Question 22

exudative effusions (inflammation) caused by increased capillary permeability. Caused by ______, ______, ______.

Answer 22

pneumonia
cancer
PE

Question 23

______ is identified with the absence of gliding of the parietal and visceral pleura and the presence of ______ artifact between these layers.

Answer 23

pneumothorax

commet tail

Question 24

excessive amounts of pleural fluid (>1.5L) should not be aspirated per day to avoid ______ & ______.

Answer 24

pulmonary edema

hypotension

Question 25

______ of the tendon shealth are the second most common tumor of the hand and wrist ______ is the most common.

Answer 25

giant cell tumor

ganglion cyst

Question 26

a rectus sheath hematoma is a result of bleeding from the ______ or ______ or a ______.

Answer 26

sma
ima
tear in the rectus muscle

Question 27

______ occurs due to a weakness on the midline of the upper abd wall, on the line between the breast bone and the umbilicus.

Answer 27

epigastric hernia

Question 28

______ is a result of a post operative weakening the abdominal wall.

Answer 28

incisional hernia

Question 29

______ occurs near the umbilicus due to the natural weakness of the abdominal wall from the umbilical cord.

Answer 29

umbilical hernia

Question 30

______ occurs within the femoral canal adjacent to the femoral vein just below the groin crease and is usually associated with pregnancy.

Answer 30

femoral hernia

Question 31

______ protrudes from the pelvic cavity through an opening in the pelvic bone because of the lack of visible bulging, this hernia is difficult to diagnose.

Answer 31

obturator hernia

Question 32

______ follows the inguinal canal descending from the abdomen into the scrotum.

Answer 32

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 33

______ follows the path of the iliacs and is on the inside site of an indirect hernia, rarely will protrude into the scrotum.

Answer 33

direct inguinal hernia

Question 34

______ occurs along the edge of the rectus abdominus muscle, several inches lateral to the middle of the abdomen.

Answer 34

spigelian hernia

Question 35

______ is a type of skeletal muscle pattern in which long muscle axis of fibers run with longitudinal axis of muscle (biceps, sartorius).

Answer 35

parallell (fusiform)

Question 36

______ is a type of skeletal muscle fiber in which they converge toward a single tendon (pectoralis major).

Answer 36

convergent (triangular)

Question 37

______ is a type of skeletal muscle pattern in which they branch from central tendon diagonally (rectus femoris, deltoid).

Answer 37

pennate

Question 38

______ is a type of skeletal muscle pattern in which they arrange in concentric rings (obicularis oris).

Answer 38

circular