PROSTATE

Question 1

the ______ is typically the arterial supply to the prostate and branches from the internal iliac artery.

Answer 1

inferior vesical artery

Question 2

inferior portion of the gland situated superior to the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 2

apex

Question 3

superior portion of the gland situated below the inferior margin of the urinary bladder

Answer 3

base

Question 4

two sac-like out-pouchings of the vas defferens situated adjacent to the superior/posterior aspect of the prostate between the urinary bladder and the rectum

Answer 4

seminal vesicles

Question 5

duct that passes through the central zone and empties into urethra. this duct originates from the combination of the vas defferens and seminal vesicle

Answer 5

ejaculatory ducts

Question 6

a longitudinal ridge within the urethra in which the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts are located on either side

Answer 6

verumontanum

Question 7

calcifications commonly seen in the inner gland of the prostate

Answer 7

corpora amylacea

Question 8

demarcation between the inner gland (central and transitional zones) and the outer gland (peripheral zone)

Answer 8

surgical capsule

Question 9

shadowing created by edge artifact or calcification of the prostatic urethra

Answer 9

eiffel tower sign

Question 10

this zone of the prostate is posteriorly located containing 70% of the prostatic glandular tissue, thus it is the location of most prostatic cancers. This zone extends into the apex of the prostate.

Answer 10

peripheral

Question 11

the peripheral zone extends into the ______ of the prostate

Answer 11

apex

Question 12

What prostatic zone is the location of most prostate cancers?

Answer 12

peripheral

Question 13

this zone of the prostate is superiorly located containing 25% of the prostatic glandular tissue. ejaculatory ducts pass through this zone from the seminal vesicles to the urethra

Answer 13

central

Question 14

this zone is the base of the prostate

Answer 14

central

Question 15

this zone of the prostate is located on both sides of the proximal urethra and contains 5% of the prostatic glandular tissue.

Answer 15

transitional

Question 16

What prostatic zone is the site of origin of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 16

transitional

Question 17

anteriorly located non-glandular portion of the prostate. Non-glandular tissue; not affected by cancer, prostatitis or hyperplasia.

Answer 17

fibromuscular stroma

Question 18

What are 3 risk factors for prostatic cancer?

Answer 18

age
race
genetics

Question 19

> 80% of prostate cancers are diagnosed in men older than ______ years.

Answer 19

65

Question 20

______ men are up to 2x more likely to develop prostate cancer than white men.

Answer 20

African American

Question 21

first-degree relative up to ______ x greater risk of developing prostate cancer.

Answer 21

2-3

Question 22

What are 2 indications for a transrectal US?

Answer 22

abnormal digital rectal exam

elevation of PSA (20% in one year)

Question 23

What is the classic appearance of prostate cancer on US?

Answer 23

hypoechoic

peripherally-oriented lesion

Question 24

A method of prostate bx where a sonographic lesion is targeted- infrequently used due to its poor detection rate

Answer 24

lesion directed method

Question 25

A method of prostate bx where the urologist takes 3 cores on the right and 3 cores on the left.

Answer 25

systemic sextant bx

Question 26

A method of prostate bx where urologists are including additional cores (10 in total) in the lateral aspect of the peripheral zone

Answer 26

parasagital sextant bx

Question 27

benign prostatic hyperplasia is an enlargement of the ______ zone of the prostate.

Answer 27

transitional

Question 28

What are symptoms of BPH?

Answer 28

difficulty initiation of voiding
urinary frequency
small stream

Question 29

______ is associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis.

Answer 29

seminal vesicle agenesis

Question 30

______ can be seen posterior to the bladder arises from the seminal vesicle cephalic to the prostate gland.

Answer 30

seminal vesicle cyst

Question 31

______ have a tear drop shape with a midline location at the level of the verumontanum and are associated with hypospadias and unilateral agenesis.

Answer 31

utricle cysts

Question 32

______ have a midline location that are difficult to distinguish from a prostatic utricle cyst.

Answer 32

mullerian duct cyst

Question 33

______ result in hematospermia, ejaculatory pain and infertility.

Answer 33

ejaculatory duct cysts