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ABD BOARD > NECK > Flashcards

NECK Flashcards

1
Q

the ______ is a normal variant extending superior to the isthmus

A

pyramidal lobe

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2
Q

the ______ of the neck are seen as thin sonolucent bands along the anterior surface of the thyroid

A

strap muscles

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3
Q

the larger ______ are located anterolaterally

A

sternocleidomastoid muscles

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4
Q

posterior to the thyroid is the ______ which is seen as a wedge-shaped sonolucent structure adjacent to the cervical vertebrae

A

longus colli muscle

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5
Q

the ______ is composed of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid vessels

A

minor neurovascular bundle

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6
Q

the strap muscles are ______ to the thyroid

A

anterior

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7
Q

the sternocleidomastoid muscles are ______ to the thyroid

A

anterolateral

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8
Q

the common carotid a. / internal jugular vn are ______ to the thyroid

A

lateral

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9
Q

the minor neurovascular bundle is ______ to the thyroid

A

posterior

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10
Q

the longus colli muscle is ______ to the thyroid

A

posterior

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11
Q

the parathyroid glands are ______ to the thyroid

A

posterior

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12
Q

______ is the most common primary thyroid cancer accounting for 75-80% of all cases

A

papillary carcinoma

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13
Q

______ accounts for 10-20% of thyroid cancer

A

follicular carcinoma

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14
Q

______ cancers tend to spread via the blood stream

A

follicular

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15
Q

______ major route of spread is through the lymphatics

A

papillary cancer

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16
Q

______ cancers account for 5% of all thyroid cancers

A

medullary

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17
Q

medullary carcinoma usually secretes the hormone ______

A

calcitonin

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18
Q

medullary cancer is associated with ______

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia

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19
Q

______ cancers account for 1% of all thyroid cancers. typically occurs in people over 60 and has a poor prognosis

A

anaplastic

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20
Q

features associated with thyroid cancer on US:

A 
microcalcs
solid hypoechogenicity 
irreg margins
absence of halo
intranodule central vascularity
taller than wide
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21
Q

the most common cause of a goiter is ______ deficiency

A

iodine

22
Q

______ is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating antibodies

A

graves disease

23
Q

graves disease is the most common cause of ______

A

hyperthyroidism

24
Q

hyperthyroidism will be ______ in TSH and ______ in T3/T4

A

low

high

25
Q

______ is the most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

hashimotos (chronic lymphatic thyroiditis)

26
Q

hypothyroidism will be ______ in TSH and ______ in T4/T3

A

high

low

27
Q

the presence of ______ is diagnostic of graves disease

A

thyroid-stimulating immunoglobins (TSI)

28
Q

if graves disease is untreated, it can cause ______

A

thyrotoxicosis (thyroid strom) - severe weight loss, loss of bone and muscle resulting in cardiac complications and psychocognitive complications

29
Q

______ is seen as an oval hypoechoic mass posterior to the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid adenoma

30
Q

a ______ level that is increased with a ______ level confirms the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

serum parthyroid hormone (PTH)

serum calcitonin

31
Q

______ occurs with chronic renal failure.

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

32
Q

the inability to synthesize vit D depresses the serum calcium level which stimulates ______

A

parathyroid gland hyperplasia

33
Q

All four parathyroid glands will enlarge with ______

A

secondary hyperparthyroidism

34
Q

hyperparathyroidism is the most common manifestation of ______ resulting in hyperplasia of all four parathyroid glands

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN type 1)

35
Q

with secondary hyperparthyroidism (parathyroid hyperplasia) serum phosphates will ______ and serum calcium will ______

A

increase

decrease

36
Q

with primary hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid adenoma) serum parathyroid hormone will ______ and serum calcium will ______

A

increase

increase

37
Q

the ______ are the largest of the salivary glands and are found anterior to the ear wrapped around the mandibular ramus.

A

parotid

38
Q

______ drains the parotid into the oral cavity

A

stensen’s duct

39
Q

salivary glands are exocrine glands that secrete saliva and the enzyme ______

A

amylase

40
Q

the ______ are located beneath the jaw. secretions of these glands enter the oral cavity through ______ ducts

A

submandibular

wharton’s

41
Q

the ______ glands are located beneath the tongue, anterior to the submandibular glands

A

sublingual

42
Q

the most common superficial midline neck mass typically seen in adolescents associated with an upper respiratory tract infection

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

43
Q

______ is a solitary, predominantly cystic madd appearing on the lateral aspect of the neck at the angle of the mandible under the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

brachial cleft cyst

44
Q

______ is a congenital lymphatic malformation that occurs throughout the body although 75% occur in the neck.

A

cystic hygroma

45
Q

what are the vessels off of the aortic arch

A

innominate artery
left CCA
left subclavian a.

46
Q

the innominate artery is on the ______ side

A

right

47
Q

the innominate v. occurs on ______ side

A

both

48
Q

the innominate artery divides into ______ & ______

A

rt CCA

rt subclavian

49
Q

the ica is ______ & ______

A

lateral

posterior

50
Q

the eca is ______ & ______

A

medial

anterior

51
Q

the ICA has a ______ resistive waveform & the ECA has a ______ resistive waveform

A

low

high

52
Q

the first branch of the ICA is the ______ & the first branch of the ECA is ______

A

ophthalmic a

superior thyroid a

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